Describing the similarity of time series as distance is the basis for most of data mining research. Existing studies on similarity distance is based on the ”point distance” without considering the geometric characteristics of time series, or is not a metric distance which doesn’t meet the triangle inequality and can’t be directly used in indexing and searching process. A method for time series ...

In most Information Retrieval (IR) applications, Euclidean distance is used for similarity measurement. It is adequate in many cases but this distance metric is not very accurate when there exist some different local data distributions in the database. We propose a Gaussian mixture distance for performing accurate nearest-neighbor search for Information Retrieval (IR). Under an established Gaus...

There are two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(11)H(9)Cl(2)N, both of which are essentially planar [maximum deviations of 0.072 (5) and 0.072 (7) Å]. In the crystal structure, weak π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.791 (3) Å and 3.855 (3) Å] link pairs of mol-ecules.

In the pyramidal-shaped mol-ecule of the title compound, C(10)H(12)Br(4), the four terminal Br-C bond distances are nearly identical, ranging from 1.964 (4) to 1.974 (4) Å. The Br⋯Br distance of 3.6553 (7) Å indicates van der Waals contacts between mol-ecules in the crystal structure.

The grass shrimp (Palaemonetes vulgaris) orients itself by means of the polarization pattern of the sky visible through Snell's window of the water surface. The celestial polarization pattern viewed from water is distorted and modified because of refraction and repolarization of skylight at the air-water interface. This work provides a quantitative account of the repolarization of skylight tran...

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(17)H(10)O, is nearly planar, the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.06 Å. The crystal structure is governed by π-π inter-actions, with centroid-centroid distances ranging from .559 to 3.730 Å.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(14)H(8)Br(2), is almost planar [maximum deviation 0.0355 (7) Å] and possesses crystallographic twofold (C2) symmetry. In the crystal, the mol-ecules form face-to-face slipped anti-parallel π-π stacking inter-actions along the c axis with an inter-planar distance 3.471 (7) Å, centroid-centroid distances of 3.617 (5)-3.803 (6) Å.

since density is considered as one of the most important numerical indices to explain quantitative values of a plant community by affecting on many aspects and activity of ecosystem, on the other hand, awareness about plants distribution pattern in environment is an essential preparation for measurement and study of vegetative cover, therefore, in this research determination of density and dist...

BACKGROUND Disease severity and functional impairment in patients with intermittent claudication is usually quantified by the measurement of pain-free walking distance (intermittent claudication distance, ICD) and maximal walking distance (absolute claudication distance, ACD). However, the distance at which a patient would prefer to stop because of claudication pain seems a definition that is m...

We report on a frequency-comb-referenced absolute interferometer which instantly measures long distance by integrating multi-wavelength interferometry with direct synthetic wavelength interferometry. The reported interferometer utilizes four different wavelengths, simultaneously calibrated to the frequency comb of a femtosecond laser, to implement subwavelength distance measurement, while direc...