Distance bounding protocols are an effective countermeasure against relay attacks including distance fraud, maa fraud and terrorist fraud attacks. Reid et al. proposed the rst symmetric key distance bounding protocol against maa and terrorist fraud attacks [1]. However, [2] claims that this is only achieved with a (7/8) probability of success for maa fraud, rather than the theoretical value...

Power consumption of a node in the wireless sensor network increases with the increment of distance between the transmitter and the receiver i.e. the sensor and the base-station. Many published studies have been covered in this paper, which suggests various approaches to minimize power consumption of wireless sensor networks. One of the most effective techniques is to deploy relay nodes in the ...

This paper presents a simulation test bed aimed at evaluation of relay operation under faults leading to cascading events. The test bed uses physical relays and waveforms replayed from the Alternative Transients Program (ATP) simulations. A system level tool which identifies probable cascade scenarios for the given load condition and topology is presented. These scenarios are analyzed for zone-...

The authors propose a relay-assisted atmospheric optical code-division multiple-access (AO/CDMA) system for secured, multiuser optical communications. Chip detect-and-forward (CDF) scheme is used at relay nodes so that the complex multiuser decoding process can be avoided. The proposed system performance, in terms of bit-error rate (BER) and transmission confidentiality, is analysed over atmosp...

Ad hoc networks are formed by intermediate nodes which agree to relay traffic. The link between nodes is broken when a node rejects to relay traffic. Various parameters like depreciation in the energy of a node, distance between nodes and mobility of the nodes play a vital role in determining the node's rejection to relay traffic. The objective of this paper is to propose a novel model tha...

Ad hoc networks are formed by intermediate nodes which agree to relay traffic. The link between nodes is broken when a node rejects to relay traffic. Various parameters like depreciation in the energy of a node, distance between nodes and mobility of the nodes play a vital role in determining the node's rejection to relay traffic. The objective of this paper is to propose a novel model tha...

Ad hoc networks are formed by intermediate nodes which agree to relay traffic. The link between nodes is broken when a node rejects to relay traffic. Various parameters like depreciation in the energy of a node, distance between nodes and mobility of the nodes play a vital role in determining the node's rejection to relay traffic. The objective of this paper is to propose a novel model tha...

At the time of power swing the measured impedance lies inside the relay operating region. There is undesired tripping of Distance relay during power swing without having any fault. So relay must be blocked & must trip after a fault occur during power swing. This paper presents new technique to detect fault during power swing. In the proposed technique process starts by simulating the double tra...

Ad hoc networks are formed by intermediate nodes which agree to relay traffic. The link between nodes is broken when a node rejects to relay traffic. Various parameters like depreciation in the energy of a node, distance between nodes and mobility of the nodes play a vital role in determining the node's rejection to relay traffic. The objective of this paper is to propose a novel model tha...

In mobile communication systems pathloss and shadowing are two of the main limiting factors. In order to overcome these effects, relaying has been identified as a very promissing technique. In relay-systems additional nodes are introduced to the system, which are neither source nor destination of transmissions themselves. Instead their task is to support existing transmissions and thereby effec...