objective(s): umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ucb-mscs) are ideally suited for use in various cell-based therapies. we investigated a novel induction protocol (nip) to improve the neuronal differentiation of human ucb-mscs under appropriate conditions. materials and methods: this experimental study was performed in iranian blood transfusion organization (ibto), tehran, i...

to explore the potential for in vitro rapid regeneration of fagonia indica burm., cotyledon explants were obtained from 10-day old aseptically germinated seedlings that cultured on ms medium which supplemented with 1.0-5.0 µm 2,4-d. callus was initiated from cotyledon explant on ms medium supplemented in all concentrations of 2,4-d investigated. 2,4-d was more effective than iaa and naa for cal...

Porous clay heterostructures (PCH) based on modified montmorillonite were synthesized using different reaction conditions (different hydration degrees, pH values and reaction times). The PCH precursors and PCH were characterized using FTIR Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffractions (XRD). The XRD results showed that basal distance of porous clay heterostructures was significantly influenced by the mod...

Double-barrelled ion-selective microelectrodes were used to measure Na+, K+ and Clactivities in the principal cells of cricket Malpighian tubules, allowing electrochemical gradients across apical and basal membranes to be calculated. At the basal membrane, K+ and Clgradients support passive exit into the bathing medium. A thermodynamic analysis shows both ions can be taken up by Na+/K+/2Clcotra...

© 2012 Welcome and Pereverzev, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Basal Ganglia and the Error Monitoring and Processing System: How Alcohol Mo...

Alpha-actinin is an actin crosslinking protein that may be one of the proteins involved in the attachment of the actin cytoskeletal framework to the plasma membrane. We investigated the distribution of alpha-actinin in whole-mount embryonic chick corneal epithelia using confocal laser scanning analysis. The intracellular alpha-actinin distribution was compared with F-actin using phalloidin, or ...

the effect of sub culturing frequencies and different cytokinins (benzyl amino purine (bap), 2-isopentenyl adenine (2ip) on genetic stability of micropropagated shoots from olive plant were investigated by using physiological traits and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. axillary buds of the olive (cv. dezful) plants were cultured and subcultured in dkw medium, supplemented with b...

plantlets grown in conventional tissue culture systems usually encounter physiological and anatomical abnormalities including inability to photosynthesize, low chlorophyll content, open stomata, lack of a cuticle layer in the leaf, abnormal xylem parenchyma etc. photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic systems could diminish these problems. the purpose of this study was to increase the chlorophyll...