Anthocyanins and betacyanins, two types of red pigment, have never been found to occur together in plants. Although anthocyanins are widely distributed in higher plants, betacyanins have replaced anthocyanins in the Caryophyllales. The accumulation of flavonols in the Caryophyllales suggests that the step(s) of anthocyanin biosynthesis from dihydroflavonols to anthocyanins could be blocked in t...

Preterm children are at increased risk for poor academic achievement, especially in math. In the present study, we examined whether preterm children differ from term-born children in their intuitive sense of number that relies on an unlearned, approximate number system (ANS) and whether there is a link between preterm children's ANS acuity and their math abilities. To this end, 6.5-year-old ext...

With the fluorescence probe of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), the binding modes of terminally substituted alkane analogues (C(n)X; X = COOH, OH, CHO, NH(3), CONH(2)) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated using a competitive binding technique. The Scatchard plot of the fluorometric titration of BSA with ANS showed that the maximum binding number of ANS, n(max), was 3.81, with ...

OBJECTIVE We investigated the comparative roles of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, including c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38, in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, and gene expression. METHODS AND RESULTS VSMCs were infected with recombinant adenovirus containing dominant-negative mutants of ERK, p38, and...

We consider presentations that were derived in [3] for the interval groups associated with proper quasi-Coxeter elements of Coxeter group W(Dn). use combinatorial methods to derive alternative groups, and these new show a element W(Dn) cannot be isomorphic Artin type Dn. While specific problems we solve arise from study their solution provides an illustration how techniques indicated by computa...

OBJECTIVE To use vital statistics and communicable disease reports to characterize the health status of an urban American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population and compare it with urban whites and African Americans and with AI/ANs living on or near rural reservations. DESIGN Descriptive analysis of routinely reported data. SETTING One metropolitan county and seven rural counties with ...

14-3-3 family members are dimeric phosphoserine-binding proteins that regulate signal transduction, apoptotic, and checkpoint control pathways. Targeted expression of dominant-negative 14-3-3eta (DN-14-3-3) to murine postnatal cardiac tissue potentiates Ask1, c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. DN-14-3-3 mice are unable to compensate for pr...

According to a dominant view, the approximate number system (ANS) is the foundation of symbolic math abilities. Due to the importance of math abilities for education and career, a lot of research focuses on the investigation of the ANS and its relationship with math performance. However, the results are inconsistent. This might be caused by studies differing greatly regarding the operationaliza...

Little is known about effects of alcohol intake on the upper, nasal airways. The present aim was to examine the prevalence of alcohol-induced nasal symptoms (ANS) and to explore associations between ANS and other respiratory diseases. A postal questionnaire focused on respiratory diseases and symptoms was sent to 11,933 randomly selected adult individuals. Subjects with ANS, n = 316 (3.4%) rece...