after alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease is the most common nerve-damaging disease. parkinson's is a progressive and chronic disease where cells secrete dopamine-cut black flesh and in the absence of dopamine in the brain destroyed the irregular body movements. man eats the food that causes the formation of the neurotransmitters. tthree neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotoni...

in the present study, interactive effects of d1 and d2 dopamine receptors antagonists and different periods of lithium pretreatment on morphine dependence in mice have been investigated. this study was designed to investigate whether the hypothesis that lithium and dopaminergic mechanisms via their effects on phosphoinositide pathways and calcium flux could influence morphine withdrawal respons...

The hemodynamic benefits of combining administration of dopamine with nitroprusside (NP) were evaluated in nine patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to ischemic, idiopathic myocardial or valvular cardiac disease. NP alone (68 microng/min) produced decline in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) from 25.4 to 14.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) but modest increase in cardiac in...

In 1957, Arvid Carlsson discovered that dopamine, at the time believed to be nothing more than a norepinephrine precursor, was brain neurotransmitter in and of itself. By 1963, postsynaptic dopamine blockade had become cornerstone psychiatric treatment as it appeared have deciphered “chlorpromazine enigma”, 1950s term, denoting action mechanism antipsychotic drugs. The same year, Lindqvist laun...

Dopamine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Receptors [373]) are commonly divided into D1-like (D1 and D5) D2-like (D2, D3 D4) families, where endogenous agonist is dopamine.

OBJECTIVE The brainstem-derived neuropeptide S (NPS) has a multidirectional regulatory activity, especially as a potent anxiolytic factor. Accumulating data suggests that neuroleptics affect peptidergic signalling in various brain structures. However, there is no information regarding the influence of haloperidol on NPS and NPS receptor (NPSR) expression. METHODS We assessed NPS and NPSR mRNA...

Editorial Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect of psychotropic drugs and has received much attention because of its negative effects on quality of life and adherence to antidepressant agents. In patients with depression, sexual dysfunction can be attributed to the underlying disorder or to antidepressant drugs. Sexual dysfunction also can occur with first generation antipsychotic drugs an...

Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug which is unusual in that it has no dopamine receptor-blocking activity. Previous studies gave conflicting results whether administration of clozapine induces hyperprolactinemia. In the present study it was shown that a wide concentration range of clozapine does not interfere with dopamine-mediated inhibition of prolactin (PRL) secretion by normal cultured rat ...

The aim of this study was to design, synthesize and validate a multifunctional antidepressant probe that is modified at two distinct positions. The purpose of these modifications was to allow covalent linkage of the probe to interaction partners, and decoration of probe-target complexes with fluorescent reporter molecules. The strategy for the design of such a probe (i.e., azidobupramine) was g...

We had previously shown that there was a loss of sensitivity of muscarinic receptors (mAChR) to stimulation by cholinergic agonists (as assessed by examining oxotremorine enhancement of K(+)-evoked release of dopamine from neostriatal slices) in animals that had been exposed to energetic particles (56Fe, 600 MeV/n), an important component of cosmic rays. This loss of mAChR sensitivity was postu...