Pea-comb is a dominant mutation in chickens that drastically reduces the size of the comb and wattles. It is an adaptive trait in cold climates as it reduces heat loss and makes the chicken less susceptible to frost lesions. Here we report that Pea-comb is caused by a massive amplification of a duplicated sequence located near evolutionary conserved non-coding sequences in intron 1 of the gene ...

The comb inequalities are a well-known class of facet-inducing inequalities for the Traveling Salesman Problem, defined in terms of certain vertex sets called the handle and the teeth. We say that a comb inequality is simple if the following holds for each tooth: either the intersection of the tooth with the handle has cardinality one, or the part of the tooth outside the handle has cardinality...

An x-ray pulse-shaping scheme is put forward for imprinting an optical frequency comb onto the radiation emitted on a driven x-ray transition, thus producing an x-ray frequency comb. A fourlevel system is used to describe the level structure of N ions driven by narrow-bandwidth x rays, an optical auxiliary laser, and an optical frequency comb. By including many-particle enhancement of the emitt...

We demonstrate that the stability of the current optical frequency comb generated by a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser is limited by the microwave reference used for phase locking the comb spacing. Hence we implement precision frequency/phase control of the entire comb to the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies of a stable cw laser without any external microwave reference. The s...

The comb inequalities are a well-known class of facet-inducing inequalities for the Traveling Salesman Problem, defined in terms of certain vertex sets called the handle and the teeth. We say that a comb inequality is simple if the following holds for each tooth: either the intersection of the tooth with the handle has cardinality one, or the part of the tooth outside the handle has cardinality...

A new genus of Bruchinae, Buburra Reid & Beatson, is erected for a single new species, B. jeanae Reid & Beatson. Buburra is endemic to Australia where it is known from a single site at high altitude in Victoria. The hostplant is unknown. Buburra is placed in the tribe Pachymerini. A key is provided for identification of the 12 genera of Bruchinae in Australia, including Caryotrypes Decelle, 196...

Dual-comb interferometry is a measurement technique that uses two laser frequency combs to retrieve complex spectra in a line-by-line basis. This technique can be implemented with electro-optic frequency combs, offering intrinsic mutual coherence, high acquisition speed and flexible repetition-rate operation. A challenge with the operation of this kind of frequency comb in dual-comb interferome...

We report a fully stabilized 1030-nm Yb-fiber frequency comb operating at a pulse repetition frequency of 375 MHz. The comb spacing was referenced to a Rb-stabilized microwave synthesizer and the comb offset was stabilized by generating a super-continuum containing a coherent component at 780.2 nm which was heterodyned with a (87)Rb-stabilized external cavity diode laser to produce a radio-freq...

Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy combines broad bandwidth, high spectral resolution, and ultrahigh detection sensitivity in one experimental platform based on an optical frequency comb efficiently coupled to a high-finesse cavity. The effective interaction length between light and matter is increased by the cavity, massively enhancing the sensitivity for measurement of optical...

A revision of the Alticini genera from the Afrotropical region is reported. The paper includes the following for the flea beetle fauna occurring in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar: a key to their identification; habitus photos of all the genera; microscope and scanning electron micrographs of many diagnostic morphological characters; and an updated annotated catalogue with biogeographical not...