Locating the sources of information spreading in networks including tracking down origins epidemics, rumors social networks, and online computer viruses, has a wide range applications. In many situations, identifying where an epidemic started, or which node network served as source, is crucial. But it can be difficult to determine root outbreak, especially when data are scarce noisy. The goal f...

Abstract Bicyclic alkenes, including oxa- and azabicyclic readily undergo activation with facial selectivity in the presence of transition-metal complexes. This is due to intrinsic angle strain on carbon–carbon double bonds such unsymmetrical bicyclic systems. During past decades considerable progress has been made area ring opening strained rings by employing concept C–H activation. short revi...

cis-polybutadiene was functionalized using in–situ generated dmd as oxidant and tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst (ptc). the epoxidation process was investigated by 1hnmr spectroscopy. 1hnmr spectrum analysis of products confirms the absence of ring opening side products in epoxidation reaction. various factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the concentr...

We have theoretically studied the time averaged adiabatic potential (TAAP) scheme for realizing different atom trapping geometries such as double-well, ring, asymmetric ring. The versatility of TAAP has been shown control and manipulation these via variation in orbiting (TOP) fields radio frequency (rf) fields. conversion from one geometry to another is also possible.

A wetting soil water characteristic curve (SWCC w ) is necessary for understanding and interpreting the re-distribution of infiltrated rainwater, percolation rate, contaminant transport. Direct determination SWCC tedious needs destructive sampling invasive sensor installation. This study demonstrates an indirect method determining based on infiltration measurements using a mini disc infiltromet...

The main purpose of this article is to offer some characterizations of $delta$-double derivations on rings and algebras. To reach this goal, we prove the following theorem:Let $n > 1$ be an integer and let $mathcal{R}$ be an $n!$-torsion free ring with the identity element $1$. Suppose that there exist two additive mappings $d,delta:Rto R$ such that $$d(x^n) =Sigma^n_{j=1} x^{n-j}d(x)x^{j-1}+Si...

the concept of fuzzy soft γ-ring is introduced; and some properties of fuzzy soft γ-rings are given. then the definitions of fuzzy soft γ-ideals are proposed and some of their theories are considered.