There are human and animal health concerns related to drainage systems because nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, can contaminate water supplies. A field study was conducted on consolidated paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Northern Iran (36.3°N, 53.04°E), to determine the effect of subsurface drain depth and spacing on nitrogen (N) and pho...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure, after which drains are placed routinely. This study aims to assess the benefits of placing postoperative drains, its complications and affects on postoperative stay, in thyroid lobectomy. METHODOLOGY Randomized Clinical Trial of 60 goitre patients undergoing lobectomy was conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi, during July'11...

PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of an adjustable inspiratory occlusion valve in experimental bronchopleural fistula during mechanical ventilation. METHODS We studied six mechanically ventilated pigs in a surgically created, reproducible model of bronchopleural fistula managed with mechanical ventilation and water-sealed thoracic drainage. An adjustable inspiratory occlusion valve was placed be...

Satellite laser altimeter elevation profiles from 2003 to 2006 collected over the lower parts of Whillans and Mercer ice streams, West Antarctica, reveal 14 regions of temporally varying elevation, which we interpret as the surface expression of subglacial water movement. Vertical motion and spatial extent of two of the largest regions are confirmed by satellite image differencing. A major, pre...

in today's economy of knowledge and globalization, innovation as the ability to apply new knowledge to improve the production process and create new goods and services has been recognized as an undeniable efficiency. a dynamic economy is in need of efficient human capital which includes elites, professionals and entrepreneurs to come up with innovative and competitive ideas. brain drain in some...

INTRODUCTION Urine leakage following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) is a possible complication that may herald chronic urine incontinence. Intraoperative measures aiming to prevent this is not standardised. AIM Presentation of experience with active suction of the prevesical space in managing postoperative urine leakage. MATERIAL AND METHODS At the Department of Urology, where lap...