In this paper we introduce the Bidimensional Sand Pile Model (BSPM), that is, a generalization of the Sand Pile Model (SPM) with the addition of a further dimension. The SPM and some related models have been studied in many different domains and they play an important role in the theory of discrete dynamical systems. They were considered in the context of integer lattices by Brylawski in 1973. ...

Sandstorm has an effect on the electric field characteristics of outdoor insulator, and may result in flashover. The analysis of the electric field characteristic of insulator under sandstorm condition is very important. The electrostatic field finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the electric field distribution along long rod insulator under sandstorm condition with FEM software. T...

As a water quality purification measure for areas such as lakes, a sand capping method by sand-upwelling system was developed. This method involves welling up clean sand from below contaminated sludge by using a water jet. The disposal of sludge and the acquirement of pure sand are not necessary like dredging and conventional sand capping works. Besides, the ecosystem will hardly be disturbed b...