Projection pursuit index measuring quality of projected clusters (QPC) introduced recently optimizes projection directions by minimizing leave-one-out error searching for pure localized clusters. QPC index has been used in constructive neural networks to discover non-local clusters in high-dimensional multiclass data, reduce dimensionality, aggregate features, visualize and classify data. Howev...

A bound on the leave-one-out error for -support vector (SV) machine binary classifiers is presented. This bound is based on the geometrical concept of the span, which was introduced in the context of bounding the leave-one-out error for C-SV machine binary classifiers. It is shown that the bound presented herein requires less restrictive assumptions than the C-SV bound, and that the prediction ...

Narcissism levels have been increasing among Western youth, and contribute to societal problems such as aggression and violence. The origins of narcissism, however, are not well understood. Here, we report, to our knowledge, the first prospective longitudinal evidence on the origins of narcissism in children. We compared two perspectives: social learning theory (positing that narcissism is cult...

Early childhood programs are usually viewed as a service that promotes children's development. In addition, these programs often serve a broader purpose of enabling mothers with young children to join the paid labor force. Therefore, government policies relating to the provision and use of child care programs reflect such economic and social factors as the demand for women workers in the labor ...

Can government help mothers and fathers manage their economic and parenting re s p o nsibilities? Should it try? This article examines how federal and state governments curre n t l y act as partners with the parents of four million babies who are born each year in the United States. Viewing public policy as a tool that e x p resses the priorities of society, this art i c l e summarizes the lead...

BACKGROUND In Canada, graduating medical students consider many factors, including geographic, social, and academic, when ranking residency programs through the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS). The relative significance of these factors is poorly studied in Canada. It is also unknown how students differentiate between their top program choices. This survey study addresses the influe...

South Korea needs to actively implement work-family balance policies to increase both the low employment rate of women and the low total fertility rate. This study analyzes the quantitative benefits that the implementation of work-family balance policies provides to employees and employers. We conducted a choice experiment that asked 633 participants about their stated preferences for a hypothe...

The struggle to balance work responsibilities with family obligations may be most difficult for working parents of the youngest children, those five and under. Any policy changes designed to ease the difficulties for these families are likely to be controversial, requiring a careful effort to weigh both the costs and benefits of possible interventions while respecting diverse and at times confl...

Does Parental Leave Affect Fertility and Return-to-Work? Evidence from a “True Natural Experiment” We study the causal effects of changes in parental leave provisions on fertility and return-towork behavior. We exploit a policy change that took place in 1990 in Austria which extended the maximum duration of parental leave from the child’s first to the child’s second birthday. As parental leave ...