BACKGROUND In anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed using cortical button fixation on the femur, we have observed a "wobble" effect that can occur when a cannulated femoral drill is used over a guide pin that is not securely fixed in bone. Our study assessed the effect of drill "wobble" on femoral tunnel aperture in sawbones. METHODS Femoral tunnels were drilled in sawbones, whi...

Beside the twist drill, the effects of various drill geometries were rarely discussed in analytical fashion. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of delamination in use of various drill types, such as saw drill, candle stick drill, core drill and step drill. In this analysis, the critical thrust force at the onset of delamination is predicted and compared with the twist drill. © 2003 El...

OBJECTIVE The criteria for defining subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) are debated and a real gold standard test or combination of tests is lacking. Recently, late-night salivary cortisol (MSC) has been described as a sensitive and easy-to-perform marker for diagnosing overt hypercortisolism. No data are available on the role of MSC in the diagnosis of SH. The aim of this study was to evaluate t...

In this paper radix-2 algorithms for computation of type-II discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete sine transform (DST) of length N = 2 (n ≥ 2) are presented. The DCT/DST can be computed from two DCT/DST sequences, each of length N/2. The odd-indexed output components of DCT/DST can be realized using simple recursive relations. The proposed algorithms require a reduced number of arithmeti...

Among the power drills ( Electrical/ Pneumatic/Battery ) used in Orthopedic surgery, battery drill has got several advantages. Surgeons in low resource settings could not routinely use Orthopedic battery drills (OBD) due to the prohibitive cost of good drills or poor quality of other drills. “Hardware” or Engineering battery drill (HBD) is a viable alternative to OBD. HBD is easy to procure, ru...

In this paper, I address the question of what the Developmental Systems Theory (DST) aims at explaining. I distinguish two lines of thought in DST, one which deals specifically with development, and tries to explain the development of the individual organism, and the other which presents itself as a reconceptualization of evolution, and tries to explain the evolution of populations of developme...

BACKGROUND Recent research has indicated that transitions into and out of daylight saving time (DST) unbalance the physiological circadian rhythm and may lead to sleep disturbance. Sleep deprivation may have negative effects on motivation, attention and alertness and thus it is possible that transitions into and out of DST may increase accident rates. AIMS To explore the impact of DST transit...

To overcome strong drilling force and over high temperature during orthopedic surgery, the four medical drills with different geometrical shapes by using superhard materials were designed. The bone drilling temperature field of superhard drill was theoretical analyzed. Results showed that brazed step drill has the most ideal drilling temperature. It controls the maximum bone temperature below 4...

Many cancers harbor homozygous DNA deletions (HDs). In contrast to other attributes of cancer cells, their HDs are immutable features that cannot change during tumor progression or therapy. I describe an approach, termed deletion-specific targeting (DST), that employs HDs (not their effects on RNA/protein circuits, but deletions themselves) as the targets of cancer therapy. The DST strategy bri...

The geomagnetic activity of the Dst index is analyzed using wavelet transforms and it is shown that the Dst index possesses properties associated with self-affine fractals. For example, the power spectral density obeys a powerlaw dependence on frequency, and therefore the Dst index can be viewed as a self-affine fractal dynamic process. In fact, the behaviour of the Dst index, with a Hurst expo...