The present study considers steady laminar two-dimensional incompressible flow over both in-line and staggered flat tube bundles used in heat exchanger applications. The effects of various independent parameters, such as Reynolds number (Re), Prandtl number (Pr), length ratio (L=Da), and height ratio (H=Da), on the pressure drop and heat transfer were studied. A finite-volume-based FORTRAN code...

The bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is useful in the forensic medicine. In Czechoslovakian criminology is this method not commonly used. The objective of this work is to calculate the impact length, height and distance splashing of blood drops. The results are compared with the real values for specific cases. It is also compared to calculate the angle of incidence of blood drops, using sinα w...

Ultrahydrophobicity of a rough surface is mainly attributed to the entrapped gas under a drop. Two criteria were proposed for the entrapped gas: an intruding angle criterion and an intruding depth criterion. These two criteria are that the intruding angle must be less than the maximum asperity slope angle and the intruding depth must be less than the height of the asperities. The intruding angl...

BACKGROUND Mechanical loading during childhood plays a critical role in normal growth and development of the skeleton. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) may provide a surrogate measure for the strain experienced by bone on landing and at take off. However, there appear to be no paediatric studies that assess GRFs across a variety of loading activities. OBJECTIVES To measure biomechanical variable...

BACKGROUND Different foot postures are associated with alterations in foot function, kinetics and the subsequent occurrence of injury. Little is known about changes in foot posture following prolonged weightbearing exercise. This study aimed to identify changes in foot posture after running a half marathon. METHODS Foot posture was measured using the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) and navicular h...

Coordinated landing in a variety of animals involves the re-positioning of limbs prior to impact to safely decelerate the body. However, limb kinematics strategies for landing vary considerably among species. For example, human legs are increasingly flexed before impact as drop height increases, while turkeys increasingly extend their legs before impact with increasing drop height. In anurans, ...

For assembly tasks parts often have to be oriented before they can be put in an assembly. The results presented in this paper are a component of the automated design of parts orienting devices. The focus is on orienting parts with minimal sensing and manipulation. We present a new approach to parts orienting through the manipulation of pose distributions. Through dynamic simulation we can deter...