Front Cover In article number 2201477, Lammertyn and co-workers developed FLUIDOT, a modular microfluidic platform in which microwells, optical tweezers, an interchangeable cell-retrieval system are combined to enable in-depth screening specific retrieval of single cells. They demonstrated the versatility FLUIDOT by implementing applications drug tolerance antibody mining. The cover was designe...

One consequence of repeated drug administration is the development of adaptations in the nervous system, sometimes termed 'drug-opposite' responses. During administration, the effects of the drug are diminished by these adaptations (tolerance), while cessation of drug use results in the emergence of these drug-opposite responses as the withdrawal syndrome. Recent evidence on pain responses chal...

In the fight against tuberculosis, cell wall permeation of chemotherapeutic agents remains a critical but largely unsolved question. Here we review the major mechanisms of small molecule penetration into and efflux from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria, and outline how these mechanisms may contribute to the development of phenotypic drug tolerance and induction of drug resistan...

Drug addiction is defined as a compulsion to take a drug with loss of control in limiting intake (33). It is considered a chronic disorder because the risk of relapse remains high even after completion of treatment and prolonged abstinence. In 1968, the term drug dependence replaced that of addiction in the nomenclature of theWorld Health Organization and the American Psychiatric Association. D...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine recent advances in our understanding of how drugs can trigger a hypersensitivity reaction in the liver, how tolerance is lost, the mechanisms of damage to hepatocytes and the strategies towards a better assessment of an idiosyncratic drug liver reaction. RECENT FINDINGS Formation and presentation of drug-protein adducts, or a direct interaction with the major hist...

Modern immunosuppressive regimens for organ transplantation have resulted in excellent short-term results but less dramatic improvements in long-term outcomes. Moreover, they are associated with significant deleterious effects. One solution that should avoid the adverse drug effects and result in improved graft and patient longevity as well as positively impacting on the organ shortage is the e...

BACKGROUND Biologically produced alkanes can be used as 'drop in' to existing transportation infrastructure as alkanes are important components of gasoline and jet fuels. Despite the reported microbial production of alkanes, the toxicity of alkanes to microbial hosts could pose a bottleneck for high productivity. In this study, we aimed to improve the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a mo...

Title: DISTRESS TOLERANCE TREATMENT FOR INNER-CITY DRUG USERS: A PRELIMINARY TRIAL Marina Alexa Bornovalova, Ph.D., 2008 Directed By: Carl W. Lejuez, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology Despite advances in preventing treatment failure, a large percentage of substanceusing individuals drop out of treatment. Current work indicates that one’s threshold for tolerating psychological distre...

An infant of 31 weeks' gestation presented with refractory neonatal hypoglycaemia secondary to islet cell dysregulation. Treatment was started with somatostatin analogue and his glycaemic control improved initially. Tolerance developed, however, in that the dose required to maintain control increased by a factor of 40. The infant subsequently underwent pancreatectomy. It is safe to use somatost...