Background: Today, the society’s need to find the roots of a few thousand-year old substance abuse and the drugs addiction crisis has increased to the extent that it has become a problem within our country. The problem of substance dependence is not only about drug abuse, but it is actually the interrelationship of the person and the dependency on drugs. This study aimed to compare early malada...

Analyses of the free amino acids, quaternary amines, guanido compounds, nucleotides, nucleosides, and organic acids in extracts of tissues from 10 species of marine teleost fishes and 20 species of invertebrates are reported. With multidimensional scaling techniques, the relative concentrations of the above chemicals in fishes, molluscs, and crustaceans are shown to cluster into separate taxon-...

The forced swim test (FST) is a preclinical test to the screening of antidepressants based on rats or mice behaviours, which is also sensitive to stimulants of motor activity. This work standardised and validated a method to register the active and passive behaviours of Swiss mice during the FST in order to strength the specificity of the test. Adult male Swiss mice were subjected to the FST fo...

Regular dental visits are especially important for seniors, since many suffer from dry mouth, which slows down the fl ow of saliva. Saliva plays a major role in preventing tooth decay by rinsing away food particles and neutralizing harmful acids. Dry mouth often comes with old age, but can also be caused by medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants and diuretics. If you...

Individual dry weight and carbon content, ingestion rate, growth rate and production rate were determined for different developmental stages of Artemia franciscana feeding on six different concentrations of Isochrysis galbana (Tahiti). The cultures were grown at nearly constant food 21 concentrations, ranging from 0.2 to 20 mg C l for 12 days at a temperature of 26–288C and 34 ppt salinity. The...

our young adults from and educate them about the dangers of illicit stimulant use. Abuse of prescription medications such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine has been estimated at an alarming rate ranging from 5% to 35%. Without action, some of our best and brightest minds are at risk. Students use stimulants for a perceived boost to academic performance through enhanced attention and alertness....

STUDY OBJECTIVE To define, among a sample of college students, the nature and extent of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NPS), including both overuse and use of someone else's drug, for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); to characterize NPS among individuals not medically using a prescription stimulant for ADHD; and to determine whether NPS and overuse of a medically pre...

Solid waste is generated at a rate of more than 4 lb per person per day. A significant portion of the non-recyclable waste is food waste, with high water content and low energy density. While most thermochemical conversion processes require a relatively dry feedstock, hydrothermal liquefaction uses subcritical water as the reaction medium and is therefore compatible with high-moisture feedstock...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most potent stimulants of food intake in many animals. Most of the supporting evidence for the effects of NPY has been gathered in mammalian species using porcine NPY. To investigate the effects of NPY on precocial feeding initiation in chicks, we firstly used chicken NPY (cNPY) to study its role in food intake and spontaneous activities in 3-day-old male chic...

Basic studies on the physical, chemical and biological properties of dry beans during the past 15 years (1-5, 8, 12) have been indispensable to the evolution of a new process for preparing dry beans as human food; and the generation of a series of more acceptable products from commercial varieties of legumes (6, 7, 9-11). One dividend of the basic work has been the accumulation of new knowledge...