The need for informed consent is considered from the patient's viewpoint by an examination of the shortcomings of the UK Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) trial and its failure satisfactorily to accrue both profession and patient. The impersonal, negative aspects of the informed consent process in the research situation are contrasted with the positive benefits of confidence fostered by the tradi...

however, as the eye lies within the orbit which is a closed anatomical funnel, symptoms can include exopthalmos or globe displacement. Acute exacerbations, such as pain and exopthalmos can effectively be treated with radiotherapy or systemic treatment which leads to symptomatic improvement, as was the case in this patient. She successfully tolerated six cycles of single-agent Epirubicin followe...

The present case is the first report in Japan in which a breast cancer was discovered as a result of prospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening study for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who were free of breast or ovarian cancer. This case is significant and it verifies the importance of MRI screening in breast or ovarian cancer-free BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who do not exhibit positive ma...

AIM To compare the interobserver variation in the pathological classification of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast using two recently proposed classification schemes. METHODS 11 pathologists classified a set of 25 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ chosen to reflect a range of lesions, using the traditional architectural classification together with the modified cytonuclear grading scheme...

OBJECTIVE Our goal was to investigate, in a large population of women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and long follow-up, the relationship between margin width and recurrence, controlling for other characteristics. BACKGROUND Although DCIS has minimal mortality, recurrence rates after breast-conserving surgery are significant, and half are invasive. Positive margins are associated with i...

Normal pancreatic acinar cells are difficult to maintain on traditional plastic culture surfaces due to their physical properties of housing large quantities of digestive enzymes and the formation of intercellular tight junctions and gap junctions (Apte and Wilson 2005; Rukstalis et al., 2003). However, placing primary acinar cells within a 3-dimensional matrix (3D-culture) maintains the cells ...

BACKGROUND Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has a generally favorable overall prognosis, with a systemic recurrence rate of approximately 1%, a local recurrence rate after mastectomy of 1%, and a local recurrence rate after breast-conserving treatment of less than 10%. Preliminary studies have suggested that women with DCIS may overestimate their risk of disease recurrence. Few data exist regard...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer cells can invade and generate metastasis via either lymphatic or blood vessels. E-cadherin mediates tumor cell-cell adhesion. Partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In this study, the expression of E-cadherin was examined in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive breast carcinomas without metastasi...

BACKGROUND The accuracy of screening mammography among Asian women in the United States has received little attention. We determined whether the accuracy of screening mammography for Chinese and Filipino women differs from that of white women. METHODS We examined a cohort of white, Chinese, and Filipino women 40 years and older who underwent 200,402, 72,604, and 19,087 screening examinations,...

Yasuhiro Okumura ([email protected]) Yutaka Yamamoto ([email protected]) Zhenhuan Zhang ([email protected]) Tatsuya Toyama ([email protected]) Teru Kawasoe ([email protected]) Mutsuko Ibusuki ([email protected]) Yumi Honda ([email protected]) Ken-ichi Iyama ([email protected]) Hiroko Yamashita ([email protected]) Hirotaka I...