Factors determining the degree of dietary generalism versus specialism are central in ecology. Species that are generalists at the population level may in fact be composed of specialized individuals. The optimal diet theory assumes that individuals choose diets that maximize fitness, and individual specialization may occur if individuals' ability to locate, recognize, and handle different food ...

64 65 Maize streak virus (MSV) strain A, the causal agent of Maize streak disease is 66 today one of the most serious biotic threats to African food security. Determining 67 where MSV-A originated and how it spread trans-continentally could yield 68 valuable insights into its historical emergence as a crop pathogen. Similarly, 69 determining where the major extant MSV-A lineages arose could ide...

PURPOSE To evaluate the radiation risk to the operator and the patient during endovascular surgery of the head and neck. METHODS The dose was measured using thermoluminescence dosimeters attached at the body surface of the operator and the patient during 15 endovascular surgeries (3 for arteriovenous malformation, 8 for dural arteriovenous fistulas, and 4 for other disorders of the head and n...

Organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from sediments Asian green mussels (Perna viridis) in Jakarta Bay were studied using GC-MS/MS. The PAHs concentration the ranged 186.64 to 915.71 µg.kg−1 per sediment dry weight (dw), while PCBs OCPs 3 117 17.99 dw, respectively. For P. viridis, 16 types of 591 997 dw mussels, varied 5 6 mussel. selected ratios, including Ant/...

The nature of murine sarcoma virus (MSV) "defectiveness" was investigated by employing an MSV-transformed mouse 3T3 cell line which releases noninfectious virus-like particles. Rescue kinetics of MSV, observed after murine leukemia virus (MuLV) superinfection of these "sarcoma-positive leukemia-negative (S + L -)" mouse 3T3 cells, consisted of a 9- to 12-hr eclipse period followed by simultaneo...

A new method to measure intracellular volume in Dunaliella was developed, where lithium ions are used as monitors of the extracellular volume. Li(+) is shown to be impenetrable to the intracellular volume, insignificantly absorbed to the algae, and is rapidly and evenly distributed within the extracellular volume. The method is suggested to be free of several limitations and consistent errors p...

We studied possible interactions among invertebrate species and algal assemblages in a shallow sublittoral community of the Mediterranean Sea using a 2-step approach. First, we analysed the general pattern by correlation analysis. Thereafter, we experimentally assessed cause–effect relationships between the species or assemblages that were clearly related in the correlation study. The abundance...

We show the presence of the Goos-Hänchen effect when a monochromatic beam illuminates a photonic crystal inside a photonic bandgap.

We investigate experimentally the dependence of the Goos-Hänchen shift on the surface properties of an air-metal interface. The shift depends on the microscopic roughness of the metal surface but it is insensitive to the large-scale variations associated with surface non-flatness. Both an effective medium model of roughness and the Rayleigh-Rice theory of scattering are used to interpret the ob...

Climate change is expected to alter biotic interactions, and may lead to temporal and spatial mismatches of interacting species. Although the importance of interactions for climate change risk assessments is increasingly acknowledged in observational and experimental studies, biotic interactions are still rarely incorporated in species distribution models. We assessed the potential impacts of c...