Recent work suggests that the yellow dung fly mating system may include alternative patroller-competitor mating tactics in which large males compete for gravid females on dung, whereas small, non-competitive males search for females at foraging sites. Small males obtain most matings off pasture, yet the behavioural mechanism(s) giving rise to this pattern are unknown. We investigated the male a...

Forests in Southeast Asia are rapidly being logged and converted to oil palm. These changes in land-use are known to affect species diversity but consequences for the functional diversity of species assemblages are poorly understood. Environmental filtering of species with similar traits could lead to disproportionate reductions in trait diversity in degraded habitats. Here, we focus on dung be...

Recent research has focused on the different types of compass cues available to ball-rolling beetles for orientation, but little is known about the relative precision of each of these cues and how they interact. In this study, we find that the absolute orientation error of the celestial compass of the day-active dung beetle Scarabaeus lamarcki doubles from 16° at solar elevations below 60° to a...

This paper focuses on biological relationships between mammalian species richness and the community structure of dung beetles in cool-temperate forests in the northernmost part of mainland Japan. The composition of beetle assemblages was evaluated at 3 sites in undisturbed beech forests with different mammalian fauna. In spring and summer 2009, beetles were collected at each site using pitfall ...

Respiratory Diseases are public health concern worldwide. The diseases have been associated with air pollution mainly indoor air pollution from solid biomass fuel in developing country. A field study was undertaken to characterize the level of pollutant released from solid bio-fuel burring from the village of rural household and urban household in the area of Durgapur. Pollution was assesses by...

This study was conducted to evaluate the Enhancement of Remediation by Eleusine indica through augmentation of soil with cow dung. The soil was contaminated artificially with 50kg, 75kg and 100kg crude oil. over 8 weeks period. The study included an assessment of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal (Cd and Pb) accumulation in soil of Eleusine indica.More PAHs was lost fr...

During the culling of elephants (Loxodonta africana) at five sites in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, a total of 682 Culicoides of five species of the subgenus Avaritia were found live either behind the ears of elephants or attracted to the freshly disembowelled intestinal dung of elephants. The species are Culicoides tororoensis Khamala & Kettle, 1971; C. kanagai Khamala & Kettle, 1971...

Taphonomy is the study of many variables involving decomposition, preservation, dispersal, erosion, burial or exposition of dead organisms. Forensic Taphonomy examines how biotic or abiotic variables can change evidences in legal investigations. Many insects are closely associated with decomposition processes. The scavenger dung-beetle, Coprophanaeus lancifer (Linnaeus, 1767), may be important ...

Changing climate is expected to alter precipitation patterns in the Arctic, with consequences for subsurface temperature and moisture conditions, community structure, and nutrient mobilization through microbial belowground processes. Here, we address the effect of increased snow depth on the variation in species richness and community structure of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungi. S...