Ribavirin (1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is a water-soluble, guanosine nucleoside analog that mimics other purines, including inosine and adenosine. The current study was designed to assess the embryotoxic effect of ribavirin investigate its teratogenic on placental fetal liver tissues. In this study, 18 pregnant Wistar rats (165–185 g) 11–13 weeks old were orally administra...

The article considers studying the physiological and biochemical parameters of common sprat (Clupeonella delicatula caspia Svetovidov) taken in western part Middle Caspian Sea at different periods annual cycle. There were studied species pre-spawning state, beginning spawning, feeding stage pre-wintering stage. 
 In fish muscle tissue content water-soluble protein total lipids was determin...

22 Climate change vulnerability assessments are commonly used to identify species at risk 23 from global climate change, but the wide range of methodologies available makes it difficult 24 for end users, such as conservation practitioners or policy makers, to decide which method 25 to use as a basis for decision-making. Here, we compare the outputs of 12 such climate 26 change vulnerability ass...

The morphology and elemental composition of cross sections of eight historic copper materials have been explored. The materials were taken from copper roofs installed in different middle and northern European environments from the 16th to the 19th century. All copper substrates contain inclusions of varying size, number and composition, reflecting different copper ores and production methods. T...

• How large of an effect can the temporal variation of wind power have on the value of wind in different wind resource areas? • Which locations are affected most positively or negatively by the seasonal and diurnal timing of wind speeds? • How compatible are wind resources in the Pacific Northwest and California with wholesale power prices and loads in either region? • Can modeled/estimated win...

Using weekly retail transaction scanner price data from a large U.S supermarket chain, we find significantly higher retail price rigidity for private label products than for nationally branded products during the Christmas and Thanksgiving holiday periods relative to the rest of the year. The finding cannot be explained by changes in holiday period promotional practices because we find that pri...

The Velay sequence (France) provides a unique, continuous, palynological record spanning the last four climatic cycles. A pollen-based reconstruction of temperature and precipitation displays marked climatic cycles. An analysis of the climate and vegetation changes during the interglacial periods reveals comparable features and identical major vegetation successions. Although Marine Isotope Sta...