Following on from IRAS, ISO has provided a huge advancement in our knowledge of the phenomenology of the infrared (IR) emission of normal galaxies and the underlying physical processes. Highlights include: the discovery of an extended cold dust emission component, present in all types of gas-rich galaxies and carrying the bulk of the dust luminosity; the definitive characterisation of the spect...

Jharia coal-field holds unequivocal importance in the Indian context as it is the only source of prime coking coal in the country. Haphazard mining over nearly a century has led to environmental changes to a large extent such as degradation in the quality of air, water, soil, changes in landform, land-use/land-cover and vegetation distribution. Environmental impact assessment is a process to as...

Polypropylene/wood flour composites were melting compounded in an internal mixer at 190°C and 60 rpm rotor speed and then samples were fabricated by injection molding. Effects wood flour content on the physical properties of composites was investigated. For this purpose, hardness, water absorption and thickness swelling of samples was determined at different levels of wood flour content. The re...

The cosmic optical background is an important observable that constrains energy production in stars and more exotic physical processes in the universe, and provides a crucial cosmological benchmark against which to judge theories of structure formation. Measurement of the absolute brightness of this background is complicated by local foregrounds like the Earth's atmosphere and sunlight reflecte...

Each year the Moon is bombarded by about 10 kg of interplanetary micrometeoroids of cometary and asteroidal origin. Most of these projectiles range from 10 nm to about 1 mm in size and impact the Moon at 10–72 km/s speed. They excavate lunar soil about 1000 times their own mass. These impacts leave a crater record on the surface from which the micrometeoroid size distribution has been deciphere...

Artificial neural networks (ANN) is an approach to solving different tasks. In this paper we forecast U.S. stock market movements using two types of artificial neural networks: a network based on the Levenberg-Marquardt learning mechanism and a synergetic network which was described by German scientist Herman Haken. The LevenbergMarquardt ANN is widely used for forecasting financial markets, wh...

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a tropical atmospheric phenomenon first recognised in the early 1970s. The MJO, also commonly known as the 40-day wave, develops over the Indian Ocean and then travels east across the tropics at 5-10 m/s. With a timescale ranging from 30 to 60 days, the MJO has a frequency of 6-12 events per year. In its active stage, the MJO is associated with increased c...

In this paper, a two-echelon supply chain, which includes two products based on the following considerations, has been studied and the bullwhip effect is quantified. Providing a measure for bullwhip effect that enables us to analyze and reduce this phenomenon in supply chains with two products is the basic purpose of this paper. Demand of products is presented by the first order vector autoregr...

Traditionally, financial crisis EarlyWarning Systems (EWSs) have relied onmacroeconomic leading indicatorswhen forecasting the occurrence of such events. This paper extends such discrete-choice EWSs by taking the persistence of the crisis phenomenon into account. The dynamic logit EWS is estimated using an exact maximum likelihood estimation method in both a country-by-country and a panel frame...