Hawai‘i is a superb venue for volcanological research because of the high frequency and easy access to eruptions and its unique geological setting in the central Pacific far from plate boundaries or continents. Studies of Hawaiian volcanoes and their deep roots have helped shape our understanding of Earth processes from the deep mantle to the atmosphere. Since the creation of the Hawaiian Volca...

Abstract How the geological record of cratons reconciles with tectonic environments in which they formed has remained debated. We use 2D Cartesian geometry numerical models mantle convection varying temperatures from present day to Archaean‐inferred values, address formation cratons, accounting for melt depletion‐dependent rheological stiffening. For comparable day, melting is negligible and co...

The core-mantle boundary region is often considered to be the source of narrow upwellings which drive or influence plate motions and continental breakup, fuel large igneous provinces and generate volcanic chains. The plume hypothesis has influenced most fields of geochemistry, petrology, geodynamics and mantle evolution. The key axioms underlying the plume paradigm are identified: Axioms are se...

The behavior of C, H, and S in the solid Earth depends on their oxidation states, which are related to oxygen fugacity (fO2). Volcanic degassing is a source of these elements to Earth's surface; therefore, variations in mantle fO2 may influence the fO2 at Earth's surface. However, degassing can impact magmatic fO2 before or during eruption, potentially obscuring relationships between the fO2 of...

Introduction: Parameterized convection models have provided important results for the thermal history of the Earth and of other planets [1,2,3]. Schubert et al. [4] calculated a secular cooling of about 150°C-300°C since the Archaean and showed that a substantial portion of the present terrestrial heat flux is primordial with a Urey ratio of 0.65 to 0.85. For the first time Jackson and Pollack ...

Hydrous silicate melts appear to have greater compressibility relative to anhydrous melts of the same composition at low pressures (<2GPa); however, at higher pressures, this difference is greatly reduced and becomes very small at pressures above 5GPa. This implies that the pressure effect on the partial molar volume of water in silicate melt ( partial differentialV-H2O/ partial differentialP) ...

As a result of an energetic accretion, the Earth is a volatile-poor and strongly differentiated planet. The volatile elements can be accounted for by a late veneer ( approximately 1% of total mass of the Earth). The incompatible elements are strongly concentrated into the exosphere (atmosphere, oceans, sediments, and crust) and upper mantle. Recent geochemical models invoke a large primordial u...