Single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has attracted increasing interest for chemical and biochemical sensing. Many conventional substrates have a broad distribution of SERS enhancements, which compromise reproducibility and result in slow response times for single-molecule detection. Here we report a smart plasmonic sensor that can reversibly trap a single molecule at hotsp...

The quest to find successful methods to forecast future earthquakes has proven to be very challenging. Useful earthquake forecasts require detailed specification of a number of variables, namely the epicenter, depth, time and magnitude of the coming earthquake. While forecasting the times of strong aftershocks within the rupture zone of a strong earthquake has been developed with some success (...

BACKGROUND On March 11, 2011, a massive undersea earthquake and tsunami struck East Japan. Few studies have investigated the impact of exposure to a natural disaster on preschool children. We investigated the association of trauma experiences during the Great East Japan Earthquake on clinically significant behavior problems among preschool children 2 years after the earthquake. METHOD Partici...

A devastating earthquake and tsunami hit Japan on March 11, 2011, followed by several long and intense aftershocks. Laboratory mice housed in the Tokyo, located approximately 330 km south of this earthquake's epicenter, displayed remarkable changes in a variety of behaviors and physiological measures. Although unusual pre-earthquake behaviors have been previously reported in laboratory animals,...

PURPOSE To investigate the patterns of immediate seismic deaths and post-earthquake mortality changes in the disaster area after the September 21, 1999 Taiwan earthquake. METHODS We used the data of 1826 seismic deaths to elucidate the immediate seismic effects on mortality patterns, and to determine the association between seismic death rates and house damage among 23 townships in the disast...

Earthquake is one of disaster that when happened causes many problems in economic and society in Iran, so earthquake disaster management is necessary for decreasing these problem effects. Because of most related data with earthquake and its effects have spatial properties, so GIS can be used as effective tool for managing and decision making in disaster. In some countries such as Iran, disaster...

A large number of hprt-mutants were obtained by treating human lymphoblast cells (TK6) with 5 microM K2Cr2O7 for 5 hr and selecting by growth in 6-thioguanine. A combination of high fidelity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allowed us to measure mutant frequencies as a function of DNA sequence. Chromium(VI) induced four hotspots in a 104 bp doma...

As minimum feature sizes shrink, unexpected hotspots appear on wafers. Therefore, it is critical to detect and fix these hotspots at design stage to reduce development time and manufacturing cost. Currently, the most accurate approach to detect such hotspots is lithography simulation. However, it is known to be time-consuming. This paper proposes a new hotspot detection method with both a regre...

Fault geometry, depth, and slip distribution of the Sanriku-oki earthquake of December 28, 1994 (Ms 7.5) are estimated from seismic waveforms, geodetic measurements, and tsunami waveforms, and compared with those of the 1968 Tokachi-oki earthquake (Mw 8.2), the most recent large earthquake in the epicentral region. Seismic wave inversions indicate a shallowly dipping thrust type mechanism and t...

BACKGROUND On January 12, 2010, a devastating 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck the West Department of Haiti, killing more than 200,000 people and injuring or displacing many more. This disaster threatened continuity of HIV care and treatment services. OBJECTIVES This case study examined the effect of the devastating 2010 earthquake in Haiti on attrition from the HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART...