Human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), produced by the choroid plexus and secreted into the brain ventricles and subarachnoid space, plays critical roles in intra-cerebral transport and the biophysical and immune protection of the brain. CSF composition provides valuable insight into soluble pathogenic bio-markers that may be diagnostic for brain disease. In these experiments we analyzed amyloid beta...

A single truncated chromosome fragment (TCF) in diploid cells undergoes frequent ectopic recombination during meiosis between markers located near the ends of the fragment. Tetrads produced by diploids with a single TCF show frequent loss of one of the two markers. This marker loss could result either from recombination of the TCF with one of the two copies of the chromosome from which it was d...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of bioimpedance measurement for predicting the treatment outcome in breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) patients. METHOD Unilateral BCRL patients who received complex decongestive therapy (CDT) for 2 weeks (5 days per week) were enrolled in this study. We measured the ratio of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by using bioelectrical impedance spectro...

Previous data suggest that the analgesic effect of morphine may be modulated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition. The effects of the P-gp inhibitor GF120918 on brain distribution and antinociceptive effects of morphine were examined in a rat cerebral microdialysis model. Pretreatment with GF120918 increased both the area under the concentration-time curve of unbound morphine in brain extracellu...

Introduction The earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF) has shown proven antiproliferative effect against breast, liver, gastrointestinal, and brain cancer, but it is least explored in oral cancer. The present in vitro study is an attempt to investigate the antiproliferative activity of ECF on oral cancer cell line squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-9. Materials and Methods ECF was collected from the spec...

Background (purpose for project) The aim of this study is to assess the inflammatory activity, with a particular emphasis on TNF-α of non-IBD ECF when compared with IBD ECF and control small bowel. If this study can show the presence of TNF-α in the fistula tract then there would be a potential for a novel therapy for patients with persistent ECF not associated with IBD. This would be an altern...

We have previously shown that modification of Tcf-4, a transcription factor in the Wnt pathway, with SUMO by PIASy, a SUMO E3 ligase, enhances its transcriptional activity. Since PIASy itself was also modified with SUMO-1, we studied the role of sumoylation of PIASy in the regulation of Tcf-4. Lys(35) was found to be a sumoylation site of PIASy. PIASy(K35R), in which Lys(35) was mutated to Arg,...

The transverse tubular (t)-system of skeletal muscle couples sarcolemmal electrical excitation with contraction deep within the fibre. Exercise, pathology and the composition of the extracellular fluid (ECF) can alter t-system volume (t-volume). T-volume changes are thought to contribute to fatigue, rhabdomyolysis and disruption of excitation-contraction coupling. However, mechanisms that under...

Both transcriptional activation and repression have essential functions in maintaining proper spatial and temporal control of gene expression. Although Wnt signalling is often associated with gene activation, we have identified several directly repressed targets of Wnt signalling in Drosophila. Here, we explore how individual Wnt target genes are specified for signal-induced activation or repre...

Thermal creep flow (TCF) is a flow of gas driven by a temperature gradient along a solid boundary. Here, TCF is demonstrated experimentally in a dusty plasma. Stripes on a glass box are heated by laser beam absorption, leading to both TCF and a thermophoretic force. The design of the experiment allows isolating the effect of TCF. A stirring motion of the dust particle suspension is observed. By...