Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a non-canonical, mostly cytosolic histone deacetylase that has a variety of interacting partners and substrates. Previous work using cell-culture based assays coupled with pharmacological inhibitors and gene-silencing approaches indicated that HDAC6 promotes the actin- and microtubule-dependent invasion of host cells by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The...

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) depicts a prevalent and potentially uncompromising infectious disease. In this analysis, we explained the functions of an immunoproteomics concept to vaccine development that has been successfully employed to recognize vaccine targets in other pathogenic bacteria. Pyelonephritis strains E. coli CFT073 are u...

Escherichia coli is a model laboratory bacterium, a species that is widely distributed in the environment, as well as a mutualist and pathogen in its human hosts. As such, E. coli represents an attractive organism to study how environment impacts microbial genome structure and function. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) must adapt to life in several microbial communities in the human body, and has a...

Autophagy is generally considered to be antipathogenic. The autophagy gene ATG16L1 has a commonly occurring mutation associated with Crohn disease (CD) and intestinal cell abnormalities. Mice hypomorphic for ATG16L1 (ATG16L1(HM)) recreate specific features of CD. Our recent study shows that the same ATG16L1(HM) mice that are susceptible to intestinal inflammatory disease are protected from urin...

Studies of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) pathogenesis have relied heavily on genetic manipulation to understand virulence factors. We applied a recently reported positive-negative selection system to create a series of unmarked, scarless FimH mutants that show identical phenotypes to previously reported marked FimH mutants; these are now improved versions useful for definitive assignmen...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly caused by uropathogenic E coli (UPEC), which uses different mechanisms to invade and damage hosts. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a double-edged sword, although beneficial in the clearance of dysfunctional cells or pathogens but results severe pathologies, if unchecked. plays critical role UPEC-mediated inflammatory cell death during UPEC infection...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common infection in humans after those involving the respiratory tract. This results not only in huge annual economic costs, but in decreased workforce productivity and high patient morbidity. Most infections are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Antibiotic treatment is generally effective for eradication of the infecting strain; h...

UNLABELLED The urinary tract is one of the most frequent sites of bacterial infection in humans. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and are responsible for greater than 80% of uncomplicated cases in adults. Infection of the urinary tract occurs in an ascending manner, with colonization of the bladder leading to possible kidney ...

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains cause most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). These strains are a subgroup of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains that infect extraintestinal sites, including urinary tract, meninges, bloodstream, lungs, and surgical sites. Here, we hypothesize that UPEC isolates adapt to and grow more rapidly within the urinary tract than...

In this paper, a new model, addressing the Associative Reinforcement Learning (ARL) problem, based on learning automata and self organizing map is proposed. The model consists of two layers. The First layer comprised of a SOM which is utilized to quantize the state (context) space and the second layer contains of a team of learning automata which is used to select an optimal action in each stat...