introduction: water shortage is a crucial challenge that threatens future of landscape development in iran. naturally it intensifies by climate change that will be led to water stress of ecosystems. the water stress have confronted universities campus landscape with serious challenges especially those that located in arid and semi-arid areas such as center of iran. malayer university has had se...

Ecological processes frequently occur at multiple spatial scales simultaneously. For example, fires imprint the landscape at a variety of spatial scales, from small areas of high burn intensity due to patchy surface fuels, to large stands within fires that escape conflagration entirely (Fig. 7.1). These types of complex disturbances can increase environmental heterogeneity and thus species dive...

We simulated fuel reduction treatments on a 16,000 ha study area in Oregon, US, to examine tradeoffs between placing fuel treatments near residential structures within an urban interface, versus treating stands in the adjacent wildlands to meet forest health and ecological restoration goals. The treatment strategies were evaluated by simulating 10,000 wildfires with random ignition locations an...

Since the early 1970s, Ian McHarg's design-with-nature concept has been inspiring landscape architects, community and regional planners, and liked-minded professionals to create designs that take advantage of ecosystem services and promote environmental and public health. This study bridges the gap in the literature that has resulted from a lack of empirical examinations on the multiple perform...

Urban sprawl has become a significant part of the regional socio-economic progress since the 20th century. The growing demand for urban land brings the issue that urban sprawl caused increasingly prominent. Studies in aboard on urban sprawl are comparatively earlier, mainly including the concept deconstruction in multi-angle, the shape and path of urban sprawl, and the measure of urban sprawl a...

Wetland protection, floral and faunal resource management, and habitat migration are all concerns for the ecological risk of wetland landscapes. Indices of landscape-scale ecological risks have the potential to influence changes in landscape patterns, the conditions of endangered plants and animals, and influences from nature and humans. Semi-variation function and gravity center models were us...

Nearly half the world's population lives in urban centers, and these areas are increasingly important components of regional and global land cover. However, their ecological attributes are often overlooked, despite the presence of species, ecosystem services, and risks associated with the spread of pests or threatening processes such as fire. Movement and dispersal of organisms contribute to sp...

Green space is one of the important infrastructures for keeping natural life and sustainability in modern urbanism and it provides excellent recreational opportunities for the people in the society. However, there are limiting factors in green space development, especially in arid regions, including extreme weather and soil temperatures, low average rainfall, drought, and high potential for eva...

Many studies have assessed the effect of landscape patterns on spatial ecological processes by simulating these processes in computer-generated landscapes with varying composition and configuration. To generate such landscapes, various neutral landscape models have been developed. However, the limited set of landscape-level pattern variables included in these models is often inadequate to gener...

Recent developments in landscape-level ecological modeling rest upon poorly understood behavioral phenomena. Surprisingly, these phenomena include animal movement and habitat selection, two areas with a long history of study in behavioral ecology. A major problem in applying traditional behavioral ecology to landscape-level ecological problems is that ecologists and behaviorists work at very di...