BACKGROUND Subsistence norms are part of the "ecosophy" or ecological philosophy of Alaska Native Peoples in the sub-Arctic, such as the Inupiat of Seward Peninsula. This kind of animistic pragmatism is a special source of practical wisdom that spans over thousands of years and which has been instrumental in the Iñupiat's struggle to survive and thrive in harsh and evolving environments. OBJE...

In the past years there has been crescent global awareness on issues of sustainability. Many social and ecological movements were created in response to the sense of global crisis and the need for a sustainable future. One such movement was Permaculture. Permaculture is a recognised path to sustainable culture which was created by Right Livelihood award winner, Bill Mollison. Permaculture stand...