This paper investigates how financial, trade, institutional and political liberalization policies have affected financial efficiency in Africa. It uses updated data to appraise second generation reforms in order to gather fresh evidence and derive more updated policy implications. The ‘freedom to trade’ and ‘economic freedom’ indices are also employed. The following findings are established. (1...

Objective. The hospital occupancy rate is a key metric in hospital capacity planning, despite the fact that this metric neglects economic efficiency and offers the abnormal incentive to artificially increase the length-of-stay with detrimental effect on medical and economic performance. We suggest a modification of the occupancy metric to alleviate these shortcomings. The resulting metric incor...

performance evaluation has been developed in the form of management schools along by managerial thought development. banks and financial institutes are one of the most important economic sections to each country which by receipts and payments directing and organizing facilitate business and commercial transactions and develop markets and economic growth and as the main pillars in directing and ...