The competitive advantages of regional clusters are the focus of much scholarly and policy attention. The literature relies heavily on the concept of external economies to explain the advantages derived from the spatial clustering of economic activity. This article compares two of America’s leading technology regions—California’s Silicon Valley and Massachusetts’ Route 128, to suggest the limit...

Both researchers and practitioners have paid considerable attention to the significant role of new ventures (that is, firms younger than eight years) in the global economy (Oviatt & McDougall, 1994; Zahra, Ireland & Hitt, 2000). The increasing growth of new ventures has not only added more products and services to the market and stimulated market competition, but also provided more employment o...

Modern economies evolved from simpler human exchanges into very convoluted systems. Today, a multitude of aspects can be regulated, tampered with, or left to chance; these are economic {\em degrees freedom} which together shape the flow wealth. Economic actors exploit them, at cost, and bend that in their favor. If intervention becomes widespread, microeconomic strategies different collide reso...

For many years, most scholars have assumed that the strength of reputational incentives is positively correlated with firm size. Firms sell more products or services were thought likely to be trustworthy than those less because larger firms lose if consumers decide they behaved badly. That assumption has been called into question by recent work shows that, under standard infinitely repeated gam...

a r t i c l e i n f o It is generally understood that greenhouse gasses produced by human activities are having a warming effect on the climate. Discussions concerning efforts to curb carbon dioxide emissions often focus on large countries. However, considerable resources have been spent to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by relatively small, open economies. Although, these economies are small ...

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. By drawing on two unique data sets – the Forum's Global Competitiveness Index and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor's assessment of entrepreneurial activity – the report takes a nuanced stance on the prevalence and type...