OBJECTIVES Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mediates in part both ischemia-reperfusion and pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced injury to the heart. As oxidants like ONOO(-) are known to activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), we examined whether they play a role in the detrimental action of ONOO(-) in isolated perfused rat hearts. METHODS Hearts were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and perfused ret...

This study was conducted to investigate whether exposure to wastewater treatment works (WWTW) effluent affects the adaptive stress axis of fish resident within the receiving water. Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were sampled from sites downstream of ten WWTWs in north-west England, selected to represent a range of human population equivalents between 1000 and 125,000. Follow...

The aim of the study was to investigate distribution, enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in soil and Trigonella foenum-graecum (var. Pusa Early Bunching) after fertigation with paper mill effluent. Doses of paper mill effluent viz. 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were used for fertigation of T. foenum-graecum along with bore well water (control). The results revealed that paper mill ef...

In the present study effect of fertilizer factory effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content of gram (Cicer aeritenum) has been carried out, at different concentration of the effluent and time intervals. The effluent is alkaline in nature with strong ammonia odour. The germination percentage of seed, seedling growth and chlorophyll content showed a gradual decline wit...

This paper describes the results obtained in an experimental multi-stage system of created wetlands in Mojacar, in semiarid SE Spain, operating from June to October 1997. We compare the removal efficiency of four different series of treatments each consisting of three stages, using different flow rates of sewage, flow regimes, types of substrate and influents. Pretreated water from an anaerobic...

OBJECTIVE To determine the amount of amalgam entering the waste stream during removal of dental amalgam restorations. METHODS Dental amalgam restorations were removed from anatomic replica teeth and natural teeth by means of a tungsten carbide bur, a high-speed handpiece and a conventional suction system. The weight of amalgam particles trapped in the primary and secondary solids separators w...

Innovative wastewater treatment systems are needed for removing nutrients, noxious odors, dissolved organic matter, and pathogens from high strength agricultural and processing wastewater. A novel reciprocating subsurface-flow constructed wetland, consisting of four cells totaling 3570 m (1.5 m deep), has been treating anaerobic lagoon wastewater from a commercial-scale confined swine feeding o...

Constructed wetlands are commonly used to treat domestic wastewater, but the extent which microplastics retained in constructed and impact this has on their efficiency not known. In context, we investigated retention of (microbeads fibres) effects removal carbonaceous (expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical (BOD5), dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), nitrogenous (N-NH4+, N-NO3-, N-...

Large seasonal variations in microbial drinking water quality can occur in distribution networks, but are often not taken into account when evaluating results from short-term water sampling campaigns. Temporal dynamics in bacterial community characteristics were investigated during a two-year drinking water monitoring campaign in a full-scale distribution system operating without detectable dis...

Little is known about the forces that determine the assembly of diverse bacterial communities inhabiting drinking water treatment filters and how this affects drinking water quality. Two contrasting ecological theories can help to understand how natural microbial communities assemble; niche theory and neutral theory, where environmental deterministic factors or stochastic factors predominate re...