In tissue the Young’s modulus cannot be assumed constant over a wide deformation range. For example, direct mechanical measurements on human prostate show up to a threefold increase in Young’s modulus over a 10% deformation. In conventional elasticity imaging, these effects produce strain-dependent elastic contrast. Ignoring these effects generally leads to suboptimal contrast (stiffer tissues ...

– From relaxation simulations of decoration-based quasicrystal structure models using microscopically based interatomic pair potentials, we have calculated the (usually neglected) phonon-phason coupling constant. Its sign is opposite for the two alloys studied, i-AlMn and i-(Al,Cu)Li; a dimensionless measure of its magnitude relative to the phonon and phason elastic constants is of order 1/10, ...

In order to grasp and manipulate an object controllably and dexterously with a multifingered hand of robot, the sensing of fingertip force is required. To these operation, for making the controlability higher and making force sensor be proof against unexpected collisions or weights, not only the sensor’s sensibility but also its stiffness are desired as high as possible. For sensing a force act...

Early investigators found contradictory evidence that vascular smooth muscle activation reduces the elastic modulus of the arterial wall under isotonic conditions but increases it under isometric conditions, concomitant with increased pulse-wave velocity. We examined the individual contributions of aortic constituents to the elastic modulus of the aortic wall to determine if isobaric analysis p...

This chapter examines the effects of femoral neck geometry and topological structure on elastic properties. A finite element code is used to calculate the full elastic tensor for thirteen human proximal femur specimens. We show that the micro-structure within the human femoral neck and head gives rise to approximate orthotropic elastic symmetry at the whole bone scale. The finite element code c...

In sheet metal forming processes with complex strain paths, a part is subjected to large plastic deformation. This severe plastic deformation leads to high plastic strain localization zones and subsequent accumulation of those strains. Then internal and superficial micro-defects and in other words ductile damage is created. This damage causes quality problems such as fracture. Therefore, design...

PURPOSE To investigate mechanical properties of the human posterior lens capsule. METHODS Twenty-five human donor eyes were obtained from an eye bank. The age of the donors ranged from 1 to 94 years. Test specimens were prepared as tissue rings from posterior lens capsules by means of excimer laser. Capsular thickness was measured microscopically as the difference in focus between microspheru...

We propose a method to predict the value of the external strain where a generic amorphous solid will fail by a plastic response (i.e., an irreversible deformation), solely on the basis of measurements of the nonlinear elastic moduli. While usually considered fundamentally different, with the elastic properties describing reversible phenomena and plastic failure epitomizing irreversible behavior...