This paper illustrates how systems requirements (i.e., safety) are decomposed to define manufacturing process requirements and design. Steelmaking is an energy intensive process; utilizing vast amounts of electricity, oxygen, and natural gas to liquefy scrap steel. While the electric arc furnace process is used extensively around the world to melt steel, it is inefficient. Hot gases are lost to...

The actual problem of mineral resources depletion in ferrous metallurgy can be effectively solved by complex reuse technogenic waste. That waste is mostly presented EAF (electric arc furnace) slag and LF (ladle slag. These two kinds have no full utilization. residues are going to the dump then locations pollute environment. However, transformed into valuable industrial product interaction compo...

The stability of electric arc discharges has been explored through the use of an energy balance coupled with charge conservation. In order to facilitate this analysis, a new model for the electrical conductivity function has been proposed. Asymptotic solutions for the arc governing equations have been obtained. Stability criteria have been developed from both the linear theory (infinitesimal si...

Power quality is becoming a more concern of today’s power system engineer due to rapid growth of non-linear loads in distribution network. Electrical Arc Furnace (EAF) is one of the responsible causes for deteriorating power quality in the distribution network. Hence electric arc furnace model is needed to study and to analyze the power quality in the distribution network. This paper presents a...

electric arc furnace (eaf) is one of the largest loads in electric power systems. it is highly time varying and nonlinear. its reactive power variations cause voltage fluctuations in nearby system which is known as flicker. on the other hand the nonlinear voltage-current characteristic causes strong voltage and current harmonics in eaf. to this end flexible ac transmission systems (facts) techn...

An efficient modified arc plasma method, where a focusing electric field is superimposed on the arc electric field, is optimized for the bulk generation of highly pure multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric measurements have been used to optimize the process. It was found that, at the optimized focusing field configuration, this process can utilize about...

Modelling of the arc in electric arc welding is significant to achieve a better process understanding, thus gain better weld quality and a more efficient production process. It requires knowing the conditions at the surfaces of the anode and cathode. These conditions are very difficult to set from measurements and should be calculated. This requires modelling the complex physics of the electrod...