This work deals with the influence of parameters working fluid (hydrostatic pressure, temperature, electrical conductivity) and geometry electrode system (the length interelectrode gap uninsulated part anode) on pre-breakdown characteristics an electric discharge in a liquid aqueous electrolyte (breakdown voltage breakdown delay time) minimum charging voltage, which provides stable high-voltage...

Mormyrid weakly electric fish produce short, pulse-type electric organ discharges for actively probing their environment and to communicate with conspecifics. Animals emit sequences of pulse-trains that vary in overall frequency and temporal patterning and can lead to time-locked interactions with the discharge activity of other individuals. Both active electrolocation and electrocommunication ...

The weakly electric fish have the electric organ to generate the electric field and electrosensory mechanism to read the change of electric field with their electroreceptors. The electric organ produce a waveform of electric field as their electric organ discharge (EOD). Their active electrolocation system can detect the distortion of the self-generated electric field, which is caused by a targ...

Weakly electric fish use active electrolocation to identify objects. They generate electric field by the electric organ discharge and perceive the distortion of electric image with existence of certain object. There have been many researches to comprehend the electrolocation mechanism of electric fishes. It is known that the ratio between the maximal slope of electric image and its maximal ampl...

When a strong electric field is applied to nonconducting matter, narrow channels of plasma called streamers may form. Branchlike patterns of streamers have been observed in anode directed discharges. We explain a mechanism for branching as the result of a balance between the destabilizing effect of impact ionization and the stabilizing effect of electron diffusion on ionization fronts. The disp...

Figure 1: Passive vs. Active electroreception. A: Paddlefish sense electric fields emitted by zooplankton (Daphnia) B: The gymnotiform wave-type weakly electric fish Apteronotus Leptorhynchus emits an electric field, the electric organ discharge (EOD), through an electric organ located in its tail. Objects with a conductivity different than that of the surrounding water will cause distorsions o...

The electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) is unusual among electric fishes because it has three pairs of electric organs that serve multiple biological functions: For navigation and communication, it emits continuous pulses of weak electric discharge (<1 V), but for predation and defense, it intermittently emits lethal strong electric discharges (10 to 600 V). We hypothesized that these two e...