The scope of nonlicensed vehicles includes electrically powered wheelchairs, golf-cart-type vehicles, a variety of multifunctional devices, and some gasoline-engine-powered vehicles . Until several years ago, the standard nonlicensed powered vehicle was the Everest & Jennings "34" Power Drive Wheelchair (Fig . 1) . This unit has been directed to institutions and general indoor environments wher...

Electric-drive vehicles (EDVs), whether based on batteries, engine-electric hybrid, or fuel cells, could make major contributions to the electric utility supply system. Computer-controlled power connections from parked EDVs would provide grid power from on-board storage or generators. Kempton and Letendre conclude that, in the United States, battery EDVs can be cost-e!ective as a source of peak...

1National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China 3Electro-Mechanical Engineering Research Group, Engineering Science, University ...

We present a microscopic description of the vibrational spectroscopy of the OH stretch of HOD in liquid D(2)O. Our model predicts that OH frequency correlations decay with a sharp and rapid ( approximately 35 fs) decrease, followed by a beat at approximately 125 fs from intermolecular oxygen vibrations. On a short time scale ( approximately 200 fs), ultrafast infrared spectroscopy of the OH str...

Electric-drive vehicles can provide power to the electric grid when they are parked (vehicle-to-grid power). We evaluated the economic potential f two utility-owned fleets of battery-electric vehicles to provide power for a specific electricity market, regulation, in four US regional regulation ervices markets. The two battery-electric fleet cases are: (a) 100 Th!nk City vehicle and (b) 252 Toy...

Equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is one of the main real-time control strategies for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This paper proposes a method to modify this strategy. This modification reduces calculation time of ECMS and therefore, facilitates its application as the real-time controller. Dynamic programming (DP) method is employed to reach this aim. This method is appli...

In most industrial zones, electric energy is one of the most important energy sources. Since electrical motors are the main energy consumers of industrial factories, consumption optimization in these motors can be considered as a main option related to energy saving. One very effective way to reduce the consumption of these equipment is to use a motor speed controllers or drives. Since the loss...