microgrids are nowadays used to produce electric energy with more efficiency and advantage. however, the use of microgrids presents some challenges. one of the main problems of the microgrids widely used in electrical power systems is the control of voltage, frequency and load sharing balance among inverter- based distributed generators (dgs) in islanded mode. droop method performance degrades ...

The rapid growth of the power demand in the transport sector results in a dramatic increase of carbon dioxide emissions. This is only one of many reasons why alternative drive concepts, especially electric mobility, have never been more in focus than today. A future change from combustion engines to electric drives leads to additional loads, which gives rise to the necessity to take corrective ...

Driven by new regulations concerning greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation sector, battery-electric trucks (BETs) are considered one of sustainable freight solutions. In this paper, a dispatching problem BET fleet is formulated as capacitated electric vehicle routing (VRP) with pick-up and delivery. As NP-hard, performance existing approaches deteriorates large instance problems,...

The main challenges for the tools which derive implementations from formal descriptions are to enhance the efficiency and facilitate the integration in various implementation contexts. We study in this paper the Estelle based implementations. Using the Estelle Development Toolset (EDT), we obtained a realistic implementation of a complex transport protocol, XTP 4.0, functionally comparable with...

One of the big concerns of big cities is facing with the increase of fossil fuel vehicles in the roads. The cars intensify greenhouse gas emission in civic centers. One approach to reduce the emission is replacing the cars by Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs). In spite of reducing the emission, PEVs have some adverse effect on electric distribution networks. Technical challenges such as load and...

The speed profile of the train will be determined according to criteria such as safety, travel convenience, and the type of electric motor used for traction. Due to the passengers and cargo on the train, the electric train load is constantly changing. This will require reassigning the speed controller’s parameters of the electric train. For this purpose, the Gravitational Search optimization Al...

In automated manufacturing systems, deadlock avoidance policies guarantee deadlock-free operation while performance controllers, such as dispatching rules, attempt to achieve performance thresholds. In an automated system, dispatching rules must work within the constraints imposed by the deadlock avoidance policy in order to assure continuing system operation, and thus, the deadlock avoidance l...