Phase resetting of cells in response to a brief current pulse has been observed in a variety of nervous tissues including cardiac cells. External stimulation of the sinoatrial node is due to largely positive currents, depolarising the cells, except for some ACh interactions. Factors influencing this include the timing of the current injection, its polarity, magnitude and duration. Both prolonga...

This paper presents a new look at low-energy nuclear reaction research, a field that has developed from one of the most controversial subjects in science, "cold fusion." Early in the history of this controversy, beginning in 1989, a strong polarity existed; many scientists fiercely defended the claim of new physical effects as well as a new process in which like-charged atomic nuclei overcome t...

Reversible bipolar nanoswitches that can be set and read electronically in a solid-state two-terminal device are very promising for applications. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations that mimic systems with oxygen vacancies interacting via realistic potentials and driven by an external bias voltage. The competing short- and long-range interactions among charged mobile vacancies lead...

This review is focused on molecular momentum transport at fluid-solid interfaces mainly related to microfluidics and nanofluidics in micro-/nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). This broad subject covers molecular dynamics behaviors, boundary conditions, molecular momentum accommodations, theoretical and phenomenological models in terms of gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces affected b...

Evaluating protein structures requires reliable free energies with good estimates of both potential energies and entropies. Although there are many demonstrated successes from using knowledge-based potential energies, computing entropies of proteins has lagged far behind. Here we take an entirely different approach and evaluate knowledge-based conformational entropies of proteins based on the o...

We describe an analytical system for in situ measurement of the charge that develops by contact electrification when a ferromagnetic sphere rolls on the surface of a polymer. This system makes it possible to survey the ability of polymeric surfaces to charge by contact electrification. Because the measurement of charge using this tool does not require physical contact of the charged sphere with...

We perform molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of charged surfaces on the intermediate and long time dynamics of water in nanoconfinements. Here, we use the transferable interaction potential with five points (TIP5P) model of a water molecule confined in both hydrophobic and charged surfaces. For a single molecular layer of water between the surfaces, we find that the temperature...

Rectifying electrical synapses are commonplace, but surprisingly little is known about how rectification alters the dynamics of neuronal networks. In this study, we use computational models to investigate how rectifying electrical synapses change the behavior of a small neuronal network that exhibits complex rhythmic output patterns. We begin with an electrically coupled circuit of three oscill...

This paper is a theoretical analysis of mirror tilt in a Michelson interferometer and its effect on the radiant flux over the active area of a rectangular photodetector or image sensor pixel. It is relevant to sensor applications using homodyne interferometry where these opto-electronic devices are employed for partial fringe counting. Formulas are derived for radiant flux across the detector f...

The electrical parameters of the prototype memristors based on p-Si/p-Ge/n + -Si(001) epitaxial heterostructures with Ag and Ru electrodes have been studied. demonstrated smaller electroforming voltage greater ratio currents in low high resistance values as compared to electrodes. Also, an inversion switching polarity was observed Thses effects originate from a higher mobility 3+ ions threading...