Abstract In the present research, a numerical modeling approach of initial stage consolidation during spark plasma sintering on microscopic scale is presented. The solution fully coupled thermo-electro-mechanical problem also accounting for grain boundary and surface diffusion found by using staggered way. finite-element method applied solving while finite-difference problem. A Lagrange-based n...

The mechanical alloying process was used to synthesize the Ni50Al50−xMox nanocrystalline intermetallic compound using pure Ni and Al elemental powder. This process was carried out in the presence of various Mo contents as a micro-alloying element for various milling times. Structural changes of powder particles during mechanical alloying were studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning e...

Rapid spontaneous alloying between Pd nanocubes and spherical or triangular Ag nanoparticles was studied in an aqueous solution at ambient temperature using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TEM-energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy of product particles. The results show that alloying occurs between Ag particles and Pd cubes and finishes within a few seco...

60) to be used for fabricating jewellery, so alloying additions are made to increase the hardness. Platinum jewellery alloys usually have platinum contents of 90 wt.% and higher. The most common alloys are hallmarked as 950 platinum (95 wt.%). Unlike carat gold (Au) jewellery alloys, where relatively large additions can be made (to alter the properties of the alloy such as its hardness or colou...

Titanium, which has excellent strength and toughness characteristics, is increasingly used in the aerospace field. Among titanium alloys for body parts, more than 80 % are Ti-6Al-4V with a tensile of 931 MPa. The spark plasma sintering (SPS) method solidification molding powder manufactured by mechanical milling (MM) method, at low temperature short time. This avoids coarsening fine crystal gra...

Aims The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2þ release channel homotetramer harbours 21 potentially redox-sensitive cysteine residues on each subunit and may act as a sensor for reactive oxygen species (ROS), linking ROS homeostasis to the regulation of Ca2þ signalling. In cardiac myocytes, arrayed RyRs or Ca2þ release units are packed in the close proximity of mitochondria, the primary source ...

Calcium sparks in cardiac myocytes are brief, localized calcium releases from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) believed to be caused by locally regenerative calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) via couplons, clusters of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). How such regeneration is terminated is uncertain. We performed numerical simulations of an idealized stochastic model of spark production, assuming ...

The spark advance determines the efficiency of spark-ignited (SI) engines by positioning the combustion in relation to the piston motion. Today’s spark-advance controllers are open-loop systems that measure parameters that effect the sparkadvance setting and compensate for their effects. Several parameters influence the best spark-advance setting but it would be too expensive to measure and acc...

This paper presents a direct quantitative comparison of the effectiveness of boron diffusion, phosphorus diffusion, and aluminum alloying in removing interstitial iron in crystalline silicon in the context of silicon solar cells. Phosphorus diffusion gettering was effective in removing more than 90% of the interstitial iron across a range of diffusion temperatures, sheet resistances, and iron d...

This study explores the effect of introducing additional alloy elements not only in a different order but also at different stages of the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus (RH) process of low-carbon silicon steel production. A more economical method, described as "pre-alloying", has been introduced. The evolution of MnO-FeO inclusions produced by pre-alloying was investigated. Results show that spherical 3FeO·...