Recent evidence for the clinical significance of postoperative hyponatremia after urologic surgeries remains scarce. We examined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of electrolyte imbalance in urologic surgery. Patients with newly developed hyponatremia, defined as a sodium level lower than 135 mEq/L within 7 days after surgery, were included in our study group. The primary outcome was pr...

We elaborated a new electrolyte composition, based on butyronitrile solvent, that exhibits low volatility for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. The strong point of this new class of electrolyte is that it combines high efficiency and excellent stability properties, while having all the physical characteristics needed to pass the IEC 61646 stability test protocol. In this work, we also reveal a...

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a critical role in determining the interfacial stability, which turn impacts plating/stripping process of lithium metal anode. Substantial research has been focused on composition SEI and its contribution to stability. Herein, we illustrate significance structure, comprehensive comparison diluted (1 M LiTFSI-PC) super-concentrated (8 LiTFSI-PC). Illustra...

A (NixFeyO4–Ni1?x?Fex’O)/(Cux?’Niy’’) cermet candidate as inert anode was investigated in cryolite at 960 °C. Immersion tests were performed and different conditions tested: ratio, alumina content, electrolyte quality, metallic aluminium content atmosphere. Then, electrolysis realised 0.8 cm-2 for 4 h industrial conditions: grade electrolyte, CR 2.2, saturated Al2O3, °C presence of Al. The init...

Glomerular hyperfiltration, altered tubular function, and shifts in electrolyte-fluid balance are among the hallmark renal physiologic changes that characterize a healthy pregnancy. These adjustments are not only critical to maternal and fetal well being, but also provide the clinical context for identifying gestational aberrations in renal function and electrolyte composition. Systemic vasodil...

rocess and quality control are exP tremely important in achieving optimum production and they have a special place in continuously operating processes. Real-time process monitoring is the comerstone of maintaining an efficient electroplating process. For the steel industry, zinc and nickel electroplating processes used for anticorrosion treatmentl must be monitored to maintain certain standards...

A comprehensive model has been developed for calculating the thermal conductivity of aqueous, nonaqueous, and mixed-solvent electrolyte systems ranging from dilute solutions to fused salts or pure solutes. The model consists of a correlation for calculating the thermal conductivity of solvent mixtures and a method for predicting the effect of electrolyte components. The thermal conductivity of ...

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of volume and composition of fluid replacement on the physical performance of male football referees. Ten referees were evaluated during three official matches. In one match the participants were asked to consume mineral water ad libitum, and in the others they consumed a pre-determined volume of mineral water or a carbohydrate electrolyt...

PURPOSE To examine the effect of phosphoric acid solution on the anodic oxide film of titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Commercially pure grade 2 titanium specimens were prepared and anodized in phosphoric acid solution at a constant current density (70 A/m2). Specimens were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, electron probe microanalysis, energy-disp...

The Zn-Cu battery is plagued with both the problems of Cu2+ migration into the anodic chamber as well as the problem of shape change of zinc electrodes, where both of these processes together have historically prevented this type of battery technology from being rechargeable. We herein propose using a monovalent selective cation exchange membrane (CIEM) that through X-ray diffraction experiment...