We study the surface tension of electrolyte solutions at the air/water and oil/water interfaces. Employing field-theoretical methods and considering short-range interactions of anions with the surface, we expand the Helmholtz free energy to first order in a loop expansion and calculate the excess surface tension. Our approach is self-consistent and yields an analytical prediction that reunites ...

A saturated aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate (SSPAS) was found to be electrochemically superior, because the potential window is remarkably wide to be approximately 3.2 V in terms of a cyclic voltammetry. Such a wide potential window has never been reported in any aqueous solutions, and this finding would be of historical significance for aqueous electrolyte to overcome its weak point tha...

Competitive binding between counterions around DNA molecule is characterized using the preferential interaction coefficient of individual ion in single and mixed electrolyte solutions. The canonical Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation, and density functional theory (DFT) proposed in our previous work [Wang, Yu, Gao, and Luo, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 234904 (2005)] ...

Purpose: To study the effects on the water, electrolyte, and acid-base balances in rabbits submitted to antegrade enema with different solutions through appendicostomy. Methods: Forty male New Zealand rabbits were submitted to appendicostomy, and distributed in 4 groups, according to the antegrade enema solution: PEG group, polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (n=10); ISS group, isotonic sa...

The major protein fraction, alpha-globulin, of sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) contains subunits which are associated predominantly by hydrophobic interactions. Effects of various salts show the following effectiveness of anions in dissociating the proteins, SO4(2-) less than Cl- less than Br- less than ClO4- less than SCN- less than or equal to I- less than CCl3COO-, the first two members bei...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) in active females during a prolonged session of submaximal running to exhaustion. Eight healthy active females volunteered to perform a session of open-ended running to exhaustion at 70% of their maximal oxygen consumption on a treadmill during the follicular phase o...

The apparent molar compressibilities φK of aqueous 3-1 electrolyte solutions have been determined from ultrasound velocity and density measurements at 20 C. The values of φK have been extrapolated to infinite dilution, and the total hydration numbers Zo for investigated solutions were estimated from the data φK. A correlation between the hydration and the atomic number of elements of the Period...

A theory for the frequency dependence of ionic conductivity of an electrolyte solution is presented. In this theory contributions to the conductivity from both the ion atmosphere relaxation and the electrophoretic effects are included in a self-consistent fashion. Mode coupling theory, combined with time-dependent density functional theory of ion atmosphere fluctuations, leads to expressions fo...

We propose a Debye-Hückel-like screening model (DESMO) that generalizes the familiar conductor-like screening model (COSMO) to solvents with non-zero ionic strength and furthermore provides a numerical generalization of the Debye-Hückel model that is applicable to non-spherical solute cavities. The numerical implementation of DESMO is based upon the switching/Gaussian (SWIG) method for smooth c...

We use terahertz ~THz! transmission spectroscopy to obtain the frequency dependent complex dielectric constants of water, methanol, and propylene carbonate, and solutions of lithium salts in these solvents. The behavior of the pure solvents is modeled with either two ~water! or three ~methanol and propylene carbonate! Debye relaxations. We discuss the effects of ionic solvation on the relaxatio...