OBJECTIVE One of the major causes of death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients under maintenance hemodialysis (HD) is ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Heart rate variability (HRV) has been claimed to be related to disturbance of autonomic nervous system and therefore a predictor for VA occurrence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the HRV parameters and elect...

THAT changes in ionic gradients affect contractility and excitability has been shown in skeletal muscle,' cardiac muscle' ° and nerve." The reduction of external sodium causes reduction and eventual loss of excitability in nerve and skeletal muscle, supposedly because depolarization is due to the entry of sodium into the cell. The precise effect of alterations in external sodium on contractilit...

TO INCLUDE a discussion of the regulation of total body water and electrolytes in such a symposium OIn the cardiovascular system at first glanee may require some justification. It should be quickly apparent, however, that the total body fluids and the circulatory system are so intimately interrelated that consideration of one without the other would be quite incomplete. Part of the body fluids,...

From the Department of Internal Medi­ cine, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Willemstad, Curaçao (K.B.); and the Division of Ne­ phrol ogy, Depart ment of Medicine, Leiden University Med ical Center, and Leiden University, Leiden (A.P.J.V.), and the De­ partment of Internal Medicine, Uni ver sity of Groningen, University Medical Cen ter Groningen, Groningen (R.O.B.G.) — both in the Netherlands. Address ...

BACKGROUND Channelopathies, defined as diseases that are caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channels, are associated with a wide variety of symptoms and have been documented extensively over the past decade. In contrast, despite the important role of chloride in serum, textbooks in general do not allocate chapters exclusively on hypochloremia or hyperchloremia and information on chloride...

This supplement to ‘Electrowetting with Electrolytes’ gives the derivation of two general equations applicable to electrowetting with an interface between two immiscible electrolytic solutions (ITIES). The first section provides a derivation of the functional to determine the Gibbs free energy, G. This result is expressed in terms of the potential and ionic-concentration distributions for dropl...

total abstention from food and water from sunrise to sunset during the month of  ramadan, is practiced by hundreds of millions of muslims throughout the world. this pattern of fasting during ramadan is different from the usual fasting as people are allowed to eat and drink between sunset and dawn but not after dawn. the amount and type of food (rich in protein, fat and sugar) eaten during the n...

In battery systems, aqueous electrolytes are superior in ionic conductivity, interfacial wettability, safety and environmentally benign compared to organic liquids, polymers, inorganic solid-state liquid electrolytes.

1. In order to be able to compare the effects of electrolytes on membrane potentials and cataphoretic potentials it seems necessary to distinguish between the charging and depressing effect of electrolytes on these potentials. Only low concentrations of acids and alkalies have a charging effect on the membrane potentials of proteins, while low concentrations of neutral salts have only a depress...

The data presented in this paper were obtained from several dogs following experimental obstruction of the pylorus. The experiments were undertaken with the purpose of learning the chief factors in the causation of the rapid dehydration which follows pyloric obstruction and of explaining the prevention or repair of this change which is obtained by introducing sodium chloride and water into the ...