The Kobayashi potential in electromagnetic theory is reviewed. As an illustration we consider two problems, diffraction of plane wave by disk and rectangular plate of perfect conductor. Some numerical results are compared with approximated and experimental results when they are available to verify the validity of the present method. We think the present method can be used as reference solutions...

The Dirac-Bergmann algorithm is a recipe for converting theory with singular Lagrangian into constrained Hamiltonian system. Constrained systems include gauge theories -- general relativity, electromagnetism, Yang Mills, string theory, etc. elegant but at the same time rather complicated. It consists of large number logical steps linked together by subtle chain reasoning. Examples found in lite...