This work presents a highly effective approach for the chemical purification of directly written 2D and 3D gold nanostructures suitable for plasmonics, biomolecule immobilisation, and nanoelectronics. Gold nano- and microstructures can be fabricated by one-step direct-write lithography process using focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID). Typically, as-deposited gold nanostructures su...

The historical use of carbon tetrachloride (CT) as a fumigant at grain silos has caused groundwater contamination at numerous sites. The Interstate Technology Regulatory Council (ITRC) – In Situ Bioremediation (ISB) Team has recently completed a guidance document that describes a systematic approach to ISB for CT in groundwater (ITRC, 2002). Contaminant reduction of CT through ISB typi­ cally o...

This is the third of a series of papers discussing various causes of measurement uncertainty in scanned particle beam instruments, and some of the solutions researched and developed at NIST. Scanned particle beam instruments especially the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have gone through tremendous evolution to become indispensable tools for many and diverse scientifi c and industrial appli...

The purpose of this study was to compare the bond strengths and debonded interfaces achieved with light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and conventional light-cured composite resin. In addition, the effects of acid etching and water contamination were examined. One hundred human premolars were randomly divided into five equal groups. The mini Dyna-lock upper premolar bracket w...

It is well known that carbon present in scanning electron microscopes (SEM), Focused ion beam (FIB) systems and FIB-SEMs, causes imaging artefacts influences the quality of TEM lamellae or structures fabricated FIB-SEMs. The severity such effects depends not only on quantity but also its bonding state. Despite this, presence state regularly monitored Here we demonstrated Secondary Electron Hype...

The occurrence of cyanobacterial species, especially toxic ones, poses a great threat to coastal and estuary areas. In this study, the toxigenic Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) FACHB-905 was exposed BG-11 medium with different salinities (1, 4, 7, 10 15 ppt) investigate physiological responses species in terms oxidative stress, chl fluorescence microcystins (MCs) contamination. results s...

[1] We present observations from the Cassini Plasma Electron Spectrometer (CAPS/ELS) of characteristic peaks in the electron energy spectrum that are identified in the innermost regions of the Saturnian magnetosphere during low-latitude orbits of the Cassini spacecraft around Saturn. We show how a narrow electron energy peak at about 20 eVand a possible peak at about 42 eV can be extracted from...

the risk of disease spread through water, fruits and vegetables contaminated through unclean waters varies from region to another. springs and underground water resources are essentially free of germs or they have tolerable levels of germs; unless they are infected by surface water or human excreta. scientific reports have shown that outbreaks of food-borne illnesses especially foods such as fr...

The potential to stimulate an indigenous microbial community to reduce a mixture of U(VI) and Tc(VII) in the presence of high (120 mM) initial NO3- co-contamination was evaluated in a shallow unconfined aquifer using a series of single-well, push-pull tests. In the absence of added electron donor, NO3-, Tc(VII), and U(VI) reduction was not detectable. However, in the presence of added ethanol, ...

The ability of natural attenuation to mitigate agricultural nitrate contamination in recharging aquifers was investigated in four important agricultural settings in the United States. The study used laboratory analyses, field measurements, and flow and transport modeling for monitoring well transects (0.5 to 2.5 km in length) in the San Joaquin watershed, California, the Elkhorn watershed, Nebr...