The recognition events thatmediate adaptive cellular immunity and regulate antibody responsesdependon intercellular contacts between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). T-cell signalling is initiated at these contacts when surface-expressed T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize peptide fragments (antigens) of pathogens bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHC) on APCs. Thi...

2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag Gmb Synthesis of materials with a desired crystal structure is a major challenge in materials engineering. Single-crystal thin films grown by epitaxy typically adopt the same crystal structure as that of their substrates. Here, we report on the observation of a wurtzite InAs thin-film structure on a zinc-blende InAs substrate. Electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and tr...

The plasma membrane limits, protects and defines cell identity, separating two aqueous compartments: the cytoplasm from the extracellular space. However, cells need to transport nutrients, ions and waste products across their plasma membrane and also need to communicate with other cells. Cells intercommunicate usingmembrane receptors which transmit signals to the cytoplasm upon binding to their...

Ptychography promises diffraction limited resolution without the need for high resolution lenses. To achieve high resolution one has to solve the phase problem for many partially overlapping frames. Here we review some of the existing methods for solving ptychographic phase retrieval problem from a numerical analysis point of view, and propose alternative methods based on numerical optimization...

A subcutaneous tumor of a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis was studied by the light microscopy, the electronmicroscopy and the immunofluorescent test. The tumor cells were histologically pleomorphic and electronmicroscopically contained varying amounts of cytoplasmic filaments without Z-band formation. The antimyosin serum stained the tumor cells, showing their myogenic origin. No v...

Central to understanding the photochemical function(s) of melanosomes is the determination of their absorption properties and an understanding of how the absorption varies with themolecular composition of melanin. Herein, the absorption coefficients for melanosomes containing predominantly eumelanin, a polymeric pigment derived from the molecular precursors 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and5,6-dihy...

The minimal cell (MC) project aims at understanding the emergence of cellular life by constructing experimental models of cells, according to a synthetic (constructive) biology approach. Our strategy – also known as the semi-synthetic one – is based on the encapsulation of the minimal number of biomolecular components inside lipid vesicles (liposomes). Being interested in studying the key step ...

Fluorinated single-walled carbon nanotubes (F-SWNTs) form important intermediates in SWNT sidewall functionalization, leading to a variety of materials and biological applications. By simulating the infrared (IR) signals for the 1,2and 1,4-addition structures, in which fluorine atoms are arranged in ortho or para positions, respectively, on the aromatic skeleton of the (10,10) SWNT surface, we ...

how to cite this article: bani hashem a, heydarian f, gharavi m, khoshnod m. postdural puncture headache: incidence and risk factors in children followingintrathecal chemotherapy. iranian journal of child neurology 2012;6(1):19-22. objective to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of development of postdural puncture headache in children who had intrathecal chemotherapy injection. materials ...

Drosophila nephrocytes have been an object of study for more than a century. They were named by Bruntz, based on observations of cells around the heart, the central nervous system, and in the sternal area in scorpions. Kowalevsky suggested that they function as a storage kidney, because they can absorb ammonia carmine from the hemolymph. Despite decades of study, however, the precise function o...