Perception of general elicitors by plant cells initiates signal transduction cascades that are regulated by protein phosphorylation. The earliest signaling events occur within minutes and include ion fluxes across the plasma membrane, activation of MAPKs, and the formation of reactive oxygen species. The phosphorylation events that regulate these signaling cascades are largely unknown. Here we ...

Over the past decade, bacterial genome sequences have revealed an immense reservoir of biosynthetic gene clusters, sets of contiguous genes that have the potential to produce drugs or drug-like molecules. However, the majority of these gene clusters appear to be inactive for unknown reasons prompting terms such as "cryptic" or "silent" to describe them. Because natural products have been a majo...

Pectic oligomers induced a rapid, transient increase in ethylene biosynthesis when added to pear cells in suspension culture. The rate of ethylene biosynthesis increased within 30 to 40 minutes after oligomer addition, reached a maximum between 90 and 120 minutes after addition, and then decreased to basal rates of synthesis. Both the rapid increase and decrease in biosynthesis appear to be pre...

Cell suspensions of the model legume Medicago truncatula accumulated the isoflavonoid phytoalexin medicarpin in response to yeast elicitor or methyl jasmonate (MJ), accompanied by decreased levels of isoflavone glycosides in MJ-treated cells. DNA microarray analysis revealed rapid, massive induction of early (iso)flavonoid pathway gene transcripts in response to yeast elicitor, but not MJ, and ...

Cells of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) growing in suspension gradually depleted their culture medium and caused a steady decrease in its osmolality. When confronted with a sudden change in medium osmolality (a hypo-osmotic or hyperosmotic shock), respectively, these cells responded with volume changes and stress symptoms such as rapid extracellular alkalinization, efflux of K(+)-ions, and in...

In response to insect attack, many plants exhibit dynamic biochemical changes, resulting in the induced production of direct and indirect defenses. Elicitors present in herbivore oral secretions are believed to positively regulate many inducible plant defenses; however, little is known about the specificity of elicitor recognition in plants. To investigate the phylogenic distribution of elicito...

a valuable composition of mentha piperita l. essential oil is menthol that is widely used fordifferent industries. the plants were treated with different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (meja) and after 24 h were evaluated for total soluble proteins, chlorophylls (a, b, and total), malondialdehyde, carbohydrates and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase). variance...