This study explores the possibility of tailoring fusion zone in conduction mode laser welding using a deformable mirror for beam shaping multi-kilowatt continuous wave sources. Three power density distributions were shaped and used bead on plate Ti64 plates at three travel speeds. The effect melt pool free surface geometry, cross section, microstructure hardness profiles was measured studied. I...

A very general beam solution of the paraxial wave equation in elliptic cylindrical coordinates is presented. We call such a field an elliptic beam (EB). The complex amplitude of the EB is described by either the generalized Ince functions or the Whittaker-Hill functions and is characterized by four parameters that are complex in the most general situation. The propagation through complex ABCD o...

It is a fact of experience from the study of higher type computability that a wide range of approaches to defining a class of (hereditarily) total functionals over N leads in practice to a relatively small handful of distinct type structures. Among these are the type structure C of Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals, its effective substructure C, and the type structure HEO of the hereditaril...

Eighty-four mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), silver fir (Abies alba Mill) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were winched over to determine the maximum resistive turning moment (M(a)) of the root-soil system, the root-soil plate geometry, the azimuthal orientation of root growth, and the occurrence of root rot. The calculation of M(a), based on digital image tracking of stem...

The four largest well-preserved impact basins in the solar system, Borealis, Hellas, and Utopia on Mars, and South Pole–Aitken on the Moon, are all signifi cantly elongated, with aspect ratios >1.2. This population stands in contrast to experimental studies of impact cratering that predict <1% of craters should be elliptical, and the observation that ~5% of the small crater population on the te...

BACKGROUND Customized foot plates attached to the foot ring of an ankle-spanning circular external fixator present a unique opportunity for patients undergoing complex lower-extremity limb salvage to participate in highly advanced weight-bearing physical therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify the rehabilitation capabilities afforded by this external fixator modification. METHODS S...

The asymmetric, elliptical shape of a transcatheter aortic valve (TAV), after implantation into a calcified aortic root, has been clinically observed. However, the impact of elliptical TAV configuration on TAV leaflet stress and strain distribution and valve regurgitation is largely unknown. In this study, we developed computational models of elliptical TAVs based on a thin pericardial bioprost...

We present new data on the globular cluster system of the elliptical galaxy NGC 3923 which show that it has the most globular clusters per unit luminosity of any noncluster elliptical yet observed, with SN = 6:4 1:4. NGC 3923 is also among the brightest ellipticals outside of a galaxy cluster for which the number of globular clusters has been determined. Our observation of a large number of clu...