attending language and the science of linguistics is of an old background, and has been enjoying a special status in the two past centuries. since islam has a lingual foundation too, it is appropriate to reinvestigate and survey foundation of this religion, i.e., its language, through a new look which is proportional to the modern functions of language. the role of language in establishing a cu...

Giorgio Vasari argued that the polyvalent term disegno in the Cinquecento should unite the arts of painting, sculpture and architecture in the Accademia del Disegno. The nature of invention, or invenzione in the united arts, was not as united; it was not the same for architecture as it was for painting. Alberti, as is well known, argued for the status of painting to be a liberal art modelled on...

the purpose of this article is to identify the various mystical interpretations of horuf-e-moqatta’e (separated letters) in qur’an. ten mystical interpreters-the qur’an-al-azim, haghayegh-al-tafsir, lata’ef- al-esharat, kashf-al-asrar, ara’es-al-bayan, ta’vilat, rouh-al-bayan, manzum e safi, bayan-al-sa’adah- have been selected from several centuries and their explanations, after entries about ...

the word “arjulakum” in the 6th verse of sura al-ma’ida is recited in three different vowelized endings; marfu’, mansub, and majrur. the two later forms are more popular. given that the word “arjulakum’ in the majrur mode is coordinated to “ru’usikum” and in the mansub mode is coordinated to the position of “ru’usikum”, and the both possibilities would make the word “ru’usikum” object of the ve...

during king abbas i era, dibil khuzāi set out to defend shia thoughts, especially the rightfulness of alavies. he has numerous argumentative poems in favor of the shia thoughts, on imamate and caliphate, and on rejection of the claimants' stances. this article intends to find answer for the following questions. first, what are the bases of dibil's argumentative approach to prove the r...

youth play a pivotal role in nineteenth-century russianliterature. their life and thoughts were different from others. they developeddifferent ideas and methods. the grasp of different sciences, eloquence, poetand literature, fighting skills, and aristocratic way of life were commoncharacteristics of superfluous man. however, they were different from usualaristocrats. they did not find anything...

extended abstract 1. introduction according to the source language and target language differences in the nature and structure and other cultural and style factors, the translator sometimes has no way other than making changes in the source text; therefore, some target-oriented scholars such as ladmiral calls translators for exerting changes and modifications in carious structural areas for the...