The greenhouse gas emission intensity of refining lower quality petroleum was estimated from fuel combustion for energy used by operating plants to process crude oils of varying quality. Refinery crude feed, processing, yield, and fuel data from four regions accounting for 97% of U.S. refining capacity from 1999 to 2008 were compared among regions and years for effects on processing and energy ...

Biodiesels are gaining more importance as a promising alternative energy resource. Engine performance and emission characteristics of unmodified biodiesel fueled diesel engines are highly influenced by its ignition and combustion behavior. This review article presents the literature review on ignition delay (ID), combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fueled diesel engine. More th...

A series of source tests was conducted to determine the chemical composition of fine particle emissions from the fireplace combustion of six species of woods grown in the northeastern United States: red maple, northern red oak, paper birch, eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, and balsam fir. Results include fine particle emission rates for total mass, organic and elemental carbon, ionic specie...

This paper reports a modelling work on the existing experimental data of single coal particles combustion process [1,2]. Two kinds of coal particles (a high-volatile bituminous coal / a lignite coal) are injected in a drop-tube furnace, ignited and burned in quiescent O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres with oxygen mole fraction varying from 20% to 100%. Ignition delay time, particle life time and par...

A detailed study on the performance of a combustor to be used as a portable power source for mesoscale applications is presented. The burner operation is based on the combination of liquid fuel electrospray injection with combustion through a stack of catalytically coated grids, for the delivery of ≈ 100 W of thermal power. The main design challenges relate to emission minimization, versatility...

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) has been shown as one of the advanced combustion concepts that could potentially provide a pathway to achieve cleaner and more efficient combustion engines. Fuel and air in GCI are not fully premixed compared to homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), which is a completely kinetic-controlled combustion system. Therefore, the combustion phasing can be ...

This research uses computational modeling to explore another method to increase diesel engine performance while maintaining low pollutant emission levels. Previous studies have shown that injection-rate profiles and injector configurations play important roles on the performance and emissions of particulate and NOx in DI diesel engines. Since the most important engine design parameters, includi...

New combustion concepts developed in internal combustion engines such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) have attracted serious attention due to the possibilities to simultaneously achieve higher efficiency and lower emissions, which will impact the environment positively. The HCCI combustion concept has potential of ultra-low NOX and particulate matter (PM) emission in compariso...

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Introduction of closed cycle gas turbines with their capability of retaining combustion generated CO2 can offer a valuable contribution to the Kyoto goal and to future power generation. Therefore research and development at Graz University of Technology since the 90's has lead to the Graz Cycle, a zero emission power cycle of highest efficiency. It burns fossil fuels with pure oxygen which enab...