BACKGROUND Topical anesthesia is used to control pain associated with many procedures in medicine. Today, the product most commonly applied for topical anesthesia in Germany is EMLA® (lidocaine/prilocaine). However, since prilocaine is a methemoglobin-inducing agent, there are limitations to its use, especially in neonates and infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of priloca...

We have examined the effect of EMLA on tourniquet pain and compared it with those of subcutaneous ring anaesthesia (SRA), a double cuff technique and a single cuff (control) during i.v. regional anaesthesia. The durations of analgesia (mean 57.3 (SD 16.6) min) and tolerance (72.3 (13.9) min) to tourniquet inflation in the EMLA group were comparable to those in the SRA group (54.1 (16.2) min and...

BACKGROUND Venous leg ulcers affect up to 1 per cent of people at some time in their life. These ulcers are often painful and some clinicians choose dressings to reduce the pain both during and between dressing changes. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of dressings, local anaesthetics/analgesics for pain relief in venous leg ulceration. SEARCH STRATEGY Cochrane Wounds Group Register a...

Although the use of injectable anesthesia prior to subgingival scaling and root planing (SRP) reduces pain, many patients report fear and prolonged numbness of adjacent tissues. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a eutectic mixture containing 25 mg/g of lidocaine and 25 mg/g of prilocaine, injectable 2% lidocaine, topical 2% benzocaine and a placebo substance on reducing...

Calcium deficiency in apple fruit has been identified as a primary cause of bitter pit in apples, however some apples are not as susceptible as others. The apple cultivar ‘Scilate’ has been identified as less susceptible to bitter pit, but it is not known whether high calcium concentrations are what contribute this resistance. Because scilate is a more recent variety, little research has been d...