Meckel-Gruber syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive lethal malformation characterised by typical manifestations of occipital encephalocele, bilateral polycystic kidneys and post axial polydactyly. But clinically unsuspected or atypical features may be discovered at autopsy or pathological study. One such rare case, diagnosed by ultrasound scan at 21weeks of gestation was terminated and present...

Two sibs are described, the first of whom presented the classic Meckel syndrome triad of encephalocele, postaxial polydactyly, and characteristic renal cystic changes. The second sib had none of these abnormalities, but did show urethral atresia and preaxial polydactyly, two features previously described in some patients with Meckel syndrome. The two cases illustrate both the wide phenotypic sp...

Knobloch syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with early-onset ocular abnormalities and central nervous system malformations. Ocular abnormalities are usually severe, and include high myopia, vitreoretinal degeneration, retinal detachment, macular abnormalities, and cataract. The most frequent systemic changes are midline malformations of the brain, ventricular dilation, and o...

We describe two original cases of internal carotid artery dysgenesis associated with a malformative spectrum, which includes transsphenoidal encephalocele, optic nerve coloboma, hypopituitarism, and hypertelorism. Cephalic neural crest cells migrate to various regions in the head and neck where they contribute to the development of structures as diverse as the anterior skull base, the walls of ...