Pathogenic FLA are ubiquitous protozoans and despite frequent human contact remain a rare cause of often devastating infectionwith poor prognosis. Given changes in climate, human encroachment into the environment, increasing immunosuppression, and improving diagnostic capacity, it is likely we will see increased cases in the future. Early diagnosis is challenging but crucial to achieving a favo...

Two hundred fifty-three patients with lumbar pars interarticularis defects were studied by multiplanar high-resolution computed tomographic scanning (CT/MPR). Two hundred thirty patients had one or more pars defects at L5, 21 at L4, and two at L3. Within this group of patients, 21% had more than 5 mm of disk bulge or herniation, 34% had foraminal encroachment, and 34% had indentation on the neu...

Hummingbirds are known to defend food resources such as nectar sources from encroachment by competitors (including conspecifics). These competitive intraspecific interactions provide an opportunity to quantify the biomechanics of hummingbird flight performance during ecologically relevant natural behavior. We recorded the three-dimensional flight trajectories of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds defen...

There is increasing pressure on researchers and research funding bodies to demonstrate the value of research. Simple approaches, consistent with the biomedical paradigm, based on relating the cost of research to its supposed impact are being investigated and adopted in laboratory and clinical research. While this may be appropriate in such research areas, it should not be applied to health serv...

During the past century, the biomass of woody species has increased in many grassland and savanna ecosystems. As many of these species fix nitrogen symbiotically, they may alter not only soil nitrogen (N) conditions but also those of phosphorus (P). We studied the N-fixing shrub Dichrostachys cinerea in a mesic savanna in Zambia, quantifying its effects upon pools of soil N, P, and carbon (C), ...

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, intensive land use nearly eliminated red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) throughout portions of West Virginia (WV). Red has been slow to regenerate on mountaintop heathland barrens surrounding Canaan Valley, (WV), little is known about nature encroachment. Using field surveys, geospatial data, statistical modelling, objectives were 1) characterize comp...

State is the most powerful of all social institutions. It supposed to enforce law and order in its territory, ensure equality, liberty fraternity society. provides citizenship certificate people by which an individual becomes a formal citizen nation. The often equated with national identity, grants certain rights privileges. One can choose partner, cast vote, start job, take bank-loan, run busi...