Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 2003: 29(2) The use of the intrauterine device (IUD) as emergency contraception (EC) may be in danger of extinction. Is it still necessary now that hormonal EC is more widely available than ever before since its deregulation in 2001 from prescription-only medicine (POM) to pharmacy (P) status in the UK? Furthermore, the widespread developm...

We report that 18 conserved, and by extension functional, elements in the human genome are the result of retroposon insertions that are evolving under purifying selection in mammals. We show evidence that 1 of the 18 elements regulates the expression of ASXL3 during development by encoding an alternatively spliced exon that causes nonsense-mediated decay of the transcript. The retroposon that g...

Assisted reproductive techniques (gamete cryopreservation, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and in vitro fertilization) allow to propagate small fragmented populations of wild endangered species or domestic breeds. There are the best way for producing several offspring from selected genitors in order to avoid inbreeding depression. However, few mammalian species have been well studied ...

Timothy D. Male* and Michael J. Bean Environmental Defense, 1875 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20009, USA *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Since passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973, over 1300 endangered and threatened species have been protected in the USA and its territories. Most species continue to face a significant risk of extinction, but the status of many spe...

The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, assigns the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service the responsibility for listing species of plants and animals in the United States whose existence is either threatened or endangered. After a species is listed, the Service is responsible for, among other things, developing recovery plans, reviewing proposed federal actions to ensure that they do not comp...

Abundance and other aspects of population ecology have long been known to contribute to shaping the geography of species’ distributions. In particular, abundance patterns have recently been shown to negatively correlate with environmental distance from conditions in the center of a species’ abiotic niche, rather than vary with distance from the geographic center of a species’ distribution. We t...

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is often advocated as a tool to assist decision-making in conservation investment and research focus. It is frequently suggested that research efforts should prioritize species in higher threat categories and those that are Data Deficient (DD). We assessed the linkage between IUCN listing and research effort in DD and Critically Endangered (CR) species, t...

The type locality of the slipper spurge Euphorbia conzattii has been in doubt because the 1917 type is a mixed collection with vague label data. In recent field work, the species was found on Cerro Espino, Pochutla District, Oaxaca, Mexico. We used the Method for Evaluation of Risk of Extinction for Mexican Wild Species (MER), required to protect a species under Mexican law, to assess the conse...

Hawai'I's coastal plain wetlands are inhabited by five endangered endemic waterbird species. These include the Hawaiian Coot ('alae ke'oke'o), Hawaiian Duck (koloa maoli), Hawaiian Stilt (ae'o), Hawaiian Gallinule (Moorhen) ('alae 'ula), and Hawaiian Goose (nēnē). All five species are categorized as being "conservation reliant." The current strategy to recover these endangered birds includes la...