The indolent nature of estrogen-dependent breast cancer is the most important obstacle for development of new adjuvant endocrine treatments. Clinical trials require thousands of study participants and at least a decade of clinical investigation. How can we be sure that a new endocrine agent warrants this extraordinary level of investment? Traditionally, we have relied on advanced breast cancer ...

Thyroid cancer is a typical endocrine malignancy. In the past three decades, the continued growth of its incidence has made it urgent to design effective treatments to treat this disease. To this end, it is necessary to uncover the mechanism underlying this disease. Identification of thyroid cancer-related genes and chemicals is helpful to understand the mechanism of thyroid cancer. In this stu...

Nearly two decades ago, researchers first reported that endocrine disrupting chemicals in the environment were affecting reproductive health in the general population. The purpose of this article is to examine the evidence of adverse reproductive health trends in Israel and to explore implications for environmental health policy in Israel. We reviewed studies and data in Israel regarding trends...

Hypotheses are built upon data, but data require hypotheses before they can be understood. The development of the 'two-hit' hypothesis of carcinogenesis was a key event in cancer genetics because it provided a testable model of how tumours develop. In this commentary on 'Promoter hypermethylation patterns in Fallopian tube epithelium of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation carriers' by Bijron et a...

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an endocrine peptide found exclusively in the parathyroid glands, whereas hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expressed a wide range of tissues and organs exerts endocrine, paracrine, autocrine actions. PTH PTHrP have similar homology, sharing initial 13 amino acid residues at N-terminus binding to same type 1 receptor (PTH1R), which regulates calcium homeostasis. An ab...

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) or Disruptors are unique assemblage cluster of emerging pollutants as they affect the synthesis, release and transport hormones. EDCs have been associated with a diverse array health issues diseases. can alter endocrine system involved in carcinogenesis inducing poly-cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective this article is to furnish an outline research ...

The differentiated thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine cancer with unpredicted biological evolution. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers from plasma microvesicles, for early detection, diagnosis and prognosis of cancer versus benign follicular adenoma thyroid lesions. Comparative proteomic analysis between tissue and plasma microvesicles identified eight proteins whose a...

Oestrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast cancer is regarded as a phenotype that may change during the natural history of the disease or during endocrine therapy. It has been suggested that in up to 70% of tumours that show acquired resistance the mechanism may be changed in ER status from positive to negative. This paper proposes an alternative hypothesis that ER expression in a stable phen...

This final paper of the proceedings of the recent Eighth St. Gallen Conference 2003 on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer comments on the Consensus Paper put forth by the international expert panel and emphasizes new information, that has emerged during the 2 years since the seventh such meeting in 2001. More than 3200 breast cancer specialists from various medical fields-coming from 75...